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Researchers are still unclear about the causes of claustrophobia. For some people, their fear of being shut inside develops from distressing childhood experiences, such as being left in a locked ...
[22] [23] [24] Thus, strong emotional responses that addicted individuals show in response to substances or behaviours might be results of enhanced sensitivity to their effects. Individuals differ in the way by which they metabolize substances, such as alcohol ; these positive reinforcing effects are partly predetermined. [ 1 ]
Claustrophobia is a fear of confined spaces. It is triggered by many situations or stimuli, including elevators, especially when crowded to capacity, windowless rooms, and hotel rooms with closed doors and sealed windows.
Addiction can cause physical, emotional and psychological harm to those affected by it. [1] The American Society of Addiction Medicine defines addiction as "a treatable, chronic medical disease involving complex interactions among brain circuits, genetics, the environment, and an individual's life experiences. People with addiction use ...
This is a shortened version of the fifth chapter of the ICD-9: Mental Disorders.It covers ICD codes 290 to 319.The full chapter can be found on pages 177 to 213 of Volume 1, which contains all (sub)categories of the ICD-9.
Risk factors for mental illness include psychological trauma, adverse childhood experiences, genetic predisposition, and personality traits. [7] [8] Correlations between mental disorders and substance use are also found to have a two way relationship, in that substance use can lead to the development of mental disorders and having mental disorders can lead to substance use/abuse.
Now, as she thinks back on using while she was incarcerated, she recalls, "It was like, okay, you have to scrounge. You have to find it, really kind of get into the groove of who has what in prison."
The English suffixes -phobia, -phobic, -phobe (from Greek φόβος phobos, "fear") occur in technical usage in psychiatry to construct words that describe irrational, abnormal, unwarranted, persistent, or disabling fear as a mental disorder (e.g. agoraphobia), in chemistry to describe chemical aversions (e.g. hydrophobic), in biology to describe organisms that dislike certain conditions (e.g ...