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For example, the right arm and leg are controlled by the left, contralateral, side of the brain. Ipsilateral (from Latin ipse ' same '): on the same side as another structure. For example, the left arm is ipsilateral to the left leg. [9] Bilateral (from Latin bis ' twice '): on both sides of the body. [9]
Contralateral brain. The contralateral organization of the forebrain (Latin: contra‚ against; latus‚ side; lateral‚ sided) is the property that the hemispheres of the cerebrum and the thalamus represent mainly the contralateral side of the body. Consequently, the left side of the forebrain mostly represents the right side of the body, and ...
Brown-Séquard syndrome (also known as Brown-Séquard's hemiplegia, Brown-Séquard's paralysis, hemiparaplegic syndrome, hemiplegia et hemiparaplegia spinalis, or spinal hemiparaplegia) is caused by damage to one half of the spinal cord, i.e. hemisection of the spinal cord resulting in paralysis and loss of proprioception on the same (or ipsilateral) side as the injury or lesion, and loss of ...
The second type is thought to be due to an axial twist, such that each hemisphere of the forebrain represents predominantly the contralateral side of the body. A commissure is a bilateral connection of axons connecting the left and right side of the same brain region.
These combined damages cause both a complete gaze impairment on the ipsilateral side and a "half" gaze impairment on the contralateral side. [6] As seen in horizontal saccadic palsy, the impairment of the contralateral side gaze is caused by the disrupted pathways coming from the PPRF, while the "half" impairment is from the signal passing ...
In the short-term, unilateral lesions of the PPRF may be characterised clinically by contralateral deviation of the eyes; looking contralaterally induces nystagmus characterised by quick twitches directed contralaterally whereas ipsilateral twitches are slow and do not move beyond the midline. More extensive lesions will also affect inhibition ...
The ipsilateral input in the dorsal region is preserved. Central facial palsy is often characterized by either hemiparalysis or hemiparesis of the contralateral muscles in facial expression. [ 2 ] Muscles on the forehead are left intact.
When an attempt is made to gaze contralaterally (relative to the affected eye), the affected eye adducts minimally, if at all. The contralateral eye abducts, however with nystagmus. Additionally, the divergence of the eyes leads to horizontal diplopia. That is if the right eye is affected the patient will "see double" when looking to the left ...