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Health effects of chewing paan: gum damage, tooth decay and an increased risk of oral cancer. Chewing betel quids and areca nut causes multiple forms of cancer and cardiovascular disease, with or without tobacco. [1] [52] [53] [54] Betel nut chewing causes an increased risk of head and neck cancers and esophageal cancer.
Chewing betel quid (paan) and Areca nut-based products is known to be a strong risk factor for developing oral cancer even in the absence of tobacco. It doubles the risk of oral cancer 2.1 times [ 20 ] and when chewed with additional tobacco in its preparation (like in gutka ), there is an even higher risk.
Betel leaves are also used as to wrap betel quid for chewing, which also contains the toxic and mildly narcotic areca nut. [16] Habitual use of this popular product (sometimes inaccurately referred to as "betel nut") damages the oral cavity and is associated with a wide range of adverse systemic health effects, including harm to the ...
For example, studies have shown chewing betel nut is prevalent among taxi, bus and truck drivers, who rely on the stimulating effect of betel nut to cope with long work hours. [45] [46] [47] For these reasons, oral cancer has been identified as a leading cause of death in professions with high betel nut-chewing rates. [48]
This form of cancer is often seen in those who chew tobacco or use snuff orally, so much so that it is sometimes referred to as "Snuff dipper's cancer". Chewing betel nuts is an additional risk factor commonly seen in Taiwan.
The island’s Ministry of Health and Welfare — which notes that users are 28 times more likely to develop oral cancer than non-users — says that fewer than one in 16 Taiwanese men chewed ...
Causes of the squamous-cell type include tobacco, alcohol, very hot drinks, poor diet, and chewing betel nut. [3] [4] The most common causes of the adenocarcinoma type are smoking tobacco, obesity, and acid reflux. [3] The disease is diagnosed by biopsy done by an endoscope (a fiberoptic camera). [5]
The nut itself can be addictive and has direct link to oral cancers. [8] [9] Chewing areca nut is a cause of oral submucous fibrosis, a premalignant lesion which frequently progresses to mouth cancer. [10] [11] The practice of chewing areca nuts originated in Island Southeast Asia, where the areca palm is native.