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Jewish law, or halacha, recognizes intersex and non-conforming gender identities in addition to male and female. [5] [6] Rabbinical literature recognizes six different genders, defined according to the development and presentation of primary and secondary sex characteristics at birth and later in life. [7]
Soferet (female Jewish scribe who can transcribe religious documents) Gender and Jewish Studies; Gender separation in Judaism. Ezrat Nashim; Tzniut (modest behavior) Negiah (guidelines for physical contact) Yichud (prohibitions of secluding oneself with a stranger) Jewish views on marriage. Shidduch (finding a marriage partner)
In 2019, the Israeli High Court banned a gender segregated concert from taking place in Afula, but the ruling was too late as the performance was almost over. This was one of hundreds of gender segregated events the city hosted that summer. [17] In 2012, Haredi radio station Kol Berama was sued by Kolech for violating anti-discrimination laws ...
One other popular methodology used by feminist Jewish theologians is the belief that while there are gender inequalities within Judaism, they can be changed without altering the fundamentally traditional structures. Tamar Ross, in Expanding the Palace of Torah written in 2004, outlines a path for a more inclusive Orthodoxy of feminist values.
Although the gender of God in Judaism is referred to in the Tanakh with masculine imagery and grammatical forms, traditional Jewish philosophy does not attribute the concept of sex to God. [1] At times, Jewish aggadic literature and Jewish mysticism do treat God as having a gender.
Jewish culture is the culture of the Jewish people, [1] from its formation in ancient times until the current age. Judaism itself is not simply a faith-based religion, but an orthoprax and ethnoreligion, pertaining to deed, practice, and identity. [2]
Jewish Law has specific legal obligation that differ for men and women, and thus gender becomes an exceedingly important aspect of one’s identity. When determining the legal gender of androgynos individuals, a minority of Jewish Law decisors, “ posek ”, classify androgynos individuals as completely male.
Some religions, religious scholars and religious persons have argued that "gender inequality" exists either generally or in certain instances, and have supported a variety of remedies. Discrimination based on gender and religion is frequently the result of laws and practices that are justified by religious beliefs. [ 63 ]