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Automated manual transmissions can be semi-automatic or fully-automatic in operation. Several different systems to automate the clutch and/or shifting have been used over the years, but they will generally use one of the following methods of actuation for the clutch and/or shifting: hydraulic or electro-hydraulic actuation, [12] electro-mechanical, [13] pneumatic, [6] [14] [15] electromagnetic ...
Automatic transmissions now are used in more than two thirds of cars globally, and on almost all new cars in the US. Most currently-produced passenger cars with gasoline or diesel engines use transmissions with 4–10 forward gear ratios (also called speeds) and one reverse gear ratio.
The design of most manual transmissions for cars is that gear ratios are selected by locking selected gear pairs to the output shaft inside the transmission. This is a fundamental difference compared with a typical hydraulic automatic transmission, which uses an epicyclic (planetary) design, and a hydraulic torque converter.
However, manual transmissions have the disadvantage of requiring the driver to operate the clutch and change gear whenever required. [10] Real-world tests reported in 2022 found that in typical driving manual transmissions achieved 2 to 5% better fuel economy than automatics, increasing to 20% with an expert driver.
The internal clutch actuator in a semi-automatic transmission can be powered by either hydraulic, pneumatic, or electric means. [6] [7] Later examples of clutchless manual transmissions used in road cars include the Saab Sensonic transmission, used in the 900 NG, and the Ferrari Valeo auto-manual transmission, used in the Mondial T.
The Manumatic was installed in cars with a manual transmission, allowing them to be driven without needing to use a clutch pedal. [2] According to the modern use of the term it would be classified as an automated manual transmission and not as a manumatic transmission.
Semi-automatic transmissions are mechanically the same as a conventional manual transmission, but do not have a manually-operated clutch mechanism; instead facilitating the driver, by using automation system to control the clutch. These systems still require the driver's input and involvement for manually changing gear ratios, though, and will ...
Borg-Warner T-50 transmission — 5-speed longitudinal manual - used by GM in its RWD H-Body cars and a few other limited light duty applications from 1976 to 1978; Tremec T-56 — 6-speed longitudinal manual overdrive made by Tremec ; formerly made by Borg-Warner