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[9] [27] Spaceflight results in the loss of lean body mass as determined by body composition measurements. [19] [28] Urinary amino acid and nitrogen excretion, both indirect measures of catabolism of lean body mass, are elevated during both brief [13] and long [12] [29] spaceflights. Direct measurement of protein synthesis during spaceflight ...
Parts-per-million cube of relative abundance by mass of elements in an average adult human body down to 1 ppm. About 99% of the mass of the human body is made up of six elements: oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus. Only about 0.85% is composed of another five elements: potassium, sulfur, sodium, chlorine, and magnesium ...
Lean body mass equals body weight minus body fat LBM + BF = BW Lean body mass plus body fat equals body weight. LBM differs from FFM in that cellular membranes are included in LBM although this is only a small percent difference in the body's mass (up to 3% in men and 5% in women) [1] The percentage of total body mass that is lean is usually ...
In a weightless environment, astronauts put almost no weight on the back muscles or leg muscles used for standing up. Those muscles then start to weaken and eventually get smaller. Consequently, some muscles atrophy rapidly, and without regular exercise astronauts can lose up to 20% of their muscle mass in just 5 to 11 days. [67]
Animation illustrating the concept of motor redundancy: the motor action of bringing the finger in contact with a point in space can be achieved using a wide variety of limb configurations. Motor redundancy is a widely used concept in kinesiology and motor control which states that, for any task the human body can perform, there are effectively ...
A wide variety of body composition measurement methods exist. The gold standard measurement technique for the 4-compartment model consists of a weight measurement, body density measurement using hydrostatic weighing or air displacement plethysmography, total body water calculation using isotope dilution analysis, and mineral content measurement by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). [1]
The normal value for dead space volume (in mL) is approximately the lean mass of the body (in pounds), and averages about a third of the resting tidal volume (450-500 mL). In Fowler's original study, the anatomic dead space was 156 ± 28 mL (n=45 males) or 26% of their tidal volume. [ 4 ]
Pound (mass), lbm or lb m; Lean body mass; Location-based media; London Borough of Merton, UK; Laser beam machining; Logical Business Machines, a defunct computer company; Little Brown Mushroom, a publishing house founded by Alec Soth; Live bivalve mollusc; Lumber and Building Materials; Loose bowel movement, commonly referred as diarrhea