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  2. Course in General Linguistics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Course_in_General_Linguistics

    Course in General Linguistics (French: Cours de linguistique générale) is a book compiled by Charles Bally and Albert Sechehaye from notes on lectures given by historical-comparative linguist Ferdinand de Saussure at the University of Geneva between 1906 and 1911. It was published in 1916, after Saussure's death, and is generally regarded as ...

  3. Ferdinand de Saussure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_de_Saussure

    Saussure took the sign as the organizing concept for linguistic structure, using it to express the conventional nature of language in the phrase "l'arbitraire du signe". This has the effect of highlighting what is, in fact, the one point of arbitrariness in the system, namely the phonological shape of words, and hence allows the non ...

  4. Sign (semiotics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sign_(semiotics)

    In semiology, the tradition of semiotics developed by Ferdinand de Saussure (1857–1913), the sign relation is dyadic, consisting only of a form of the sign (the signifier) and its meaning (the signified). Saussure saw this relation as being essentially arbitrary (the principle of semiotic arbitrariness), motivated only by social convention ...

  5. Signified and signifier - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signified_and_signifier

    e. In semiotics, signified and signifier (French: signifié and signifiant) are the two main components of a sign, where signified is what the sign represents or refers to, known as the "plane of content", and signifier which is the "plane of expression" or the observable aspects of the sign itself. The idea was first proposed in the work of ...

  6. Semiotic literary criticism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiotic_literary_criticism

    Semiotic literary criticism, also called literary semiotics, is the approach to literary criticism informed by the theory of signs or semiotics.Semiotics, tied closely to the structuralism pioneered by Ferdinand de Saussure, was extremely influential in the development of literary theory out of the formalist approaches of the early twentieth century.

  7. Langue and parole - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langue_and_parole

    Langue and parole is a theoretical linguistic dichotomy distinguished by Ferdinand de Saussure in his Course in General Linguistics. [1] The French term langue (' [an individual] language ') [2] encompasses the abstract, systematic rules and conventions of a signifying system; it is independent of, and pre-exists, the individual user.

  8. Arbitrariness - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbitrariness

    Arbitrariness. Arbitrariness is the quality of being "determined by chance, whim, or impulse, and not by necessity, reason, or principle". It is also used to refer to a choice made without any specific criterion or restraint. [1] Arbitrary decisions are not necessarily the same as random decisions. For example, during the 1973 oil crisis ...

  9. Value (semiotics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Value_(semiotics)

    Value is the sign as it is determined by the other signs in a semiotic system. For linguist Ferdinand de Saussure, for example, the content of a sign in linguistics is ultimately determined and delimited not by its internal content, but by what surrounds it: the synonyms redouter ("to dread"), craindre ("to fear"), and avoir peur ("to be afraid ...