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Conditional dependence. In probability theory, conditional dependence is a relationship between two or more events that are dependent when a third event occurs. [1][2] For example, if and are two events that individually increase the probability of a third event and do not directly affect each other, then initially (when it has not been ...
Conditional independence is usually formulated in terms of conditional probability, as a special case where the probability of the hypothesis given the uninformative observation is equal to the probability without. If is the hypothesis, and and are observations, conditional independence can be stated as an equality: where is the probability of ...
Independence is a fundamental notion in probability theory, as in statistics and the theory of stochastic processes.Two events are independent, statistically independent, or stochastically independent [1] if, informally speaking, the occurrence of one does not affect the probability of occurrence of the other or, equivalently, does not affect the odds.
v. t. e. In probability theory, conditional probability is a measure of the probability of an event occurring, given that another event (by assumption, presumption, assertion or evidence) is already known to have occurred. [1] This particular method relies on event A occurring with some sort of relationship with another event B.
The dependent variable is the event expected to change when the independent variable is manipulated. [11] In data mining tools (for multivariate statistics and machine learning), the dependent variable is assigned a role as target variable (or in some tools as label attribute), while an independent variable may be assigned a role as regular ...
v. t. e. In probability theory, an event is a set of outcomes of an experiment (a subset of the sample space) to which a probability is assigned. [1] A single outcome may be an element of many different events, [2] and different events in an experiment are usually not equally likely, since they may include very different groups of outcomes. [3 ...
Conditional expectation. In probability theory, the conditional expectation, conditional expected value, or conditional mean of a random variable is its expected value evaluated with respect to the conditional probability distribution. If the random variable can take on only a finite number of values, the "conditions" are that the variable can ...
Path dependence is a concept in the social sciences, referring to processes where past events or decisions constrain later events or decisions. [1][2] It can be used to refer to outcomes at a single point in time or to long-run equilibria of a process. [3] Path dependence has been used to describe institutions, technical standards, patterns of ...