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Automotive paint is paint used on automobiles for both protective and decorative purposes. [1][2] Water-based acrylic polyurethane enamel paint is currently the most widely used paint for reasons including reducing paint's environmental impact. Modern automobile paint is applied in several layers, with a total thickness of around 100 μm (0.1mm).
A superhydrophobic coating is a thin surface layer that repels water. It is made from superhydrophobic (also known as ultrahydrophobic) materials, and typically cause an almost imperceptibly thin layer of air to form on top of a surface. Droplets hitting this kind of coating can fully rebound. [1][2] Generally speaking, superhydrophobic ...
Manifold injection is a mixture formation system for internal combustion engines with external mixture formation. It is commonly used in engines with spark ignition that use petrol as fuel, such as the Otto engine, and the Wankel engine. In a manifold-injected engine, the fuel is injected into the intake manifold, where it begins forming a ...
Spray painting. Spray paint being applied to a piece of equipment. An LVLP system spray gun. Spray painting is a painting technique in which a device sprays coating material (paint, ink, varnish, etc.) through the air onto a surface. The most common types employ compressed gas—usually air —to atomize and direct the paint particles.
Ceramic paint. This fairly low-cost solution can offer minor reductions in heat loss. It is often applied by brushing or spraying from an aerosol onto the exhaust system, followed by curing in the oven to allow the paint to adhere. This is sometimes applied to the internal surfaces of the exhaust.
Carburetors used as intake runners A cutaway view of the intake of the original Fordson tractor (including the intake manifold, vaporizer, carburetor, and fuel lines). An inlet manifold or intake manifold (in American English) is the part of an internal combustion engine that supplies the fuel/air mixture to the cylinders. [1]
In internal combustion engines, water injection, also known as anti-detonant injection (ADI), can spray water into the incoming air or fuel - air mixture, or directly into the combustion chamber to cool certain parts of the induction system where "hot points" could produce premature ignition. In jet engines — particularly early turbojets or ...
Internal combustion engine cooling uses either air or liquid to remove the waste heat from an internal combustion engine. For small or special purpose engines, cooling using air from the atmosphere makes for a lightweight and relatively simple system. Watercraft can use water directly from the surrounding environment to cool their engines.