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Latent syphilis is defined as having serologic proof of infection without symptoms of disease. [19] It develops after secondary syphilis and is divided into early latent and late latent stages. [27] Early latent syphilis is defined by the World Health Organization as less than 2 years after original infection. [27]
The history of syphilis has been well studied, but the exact origin of the disease remains unknown. [3] It appears to have originated in both Africa and America. [4] [5] As such, there are two primary hypotheses: one proposes that syphilis was carried to Europe from the Americas by the crew(s) of Christopher Columbus as a byproduct of the Columbian exchange, while the other proposes that ...
Syphilis is curable at all stages. It is far easier to treat during the early stages of infection, often with a single dose of penicillin G. During the primary, secondary, and early-latent stages ...
Congenital syphilis that is diagnosed after 2 years of age, either because it was not diagnosed earlier or because it was incompletely treated, is classified as late congenital syphilis. [19] The signs of late congenital syphilis tend to reflect early damage to developing tissues that does not become apparent until years later, [20] such as ...
Neurosyphilis is the infection of the central nervous system in a patient with syphilis. In the era of modern antibiotics, the majority of neurosyphilis cases have been reported in HIV-infected patients. [citation needed] Meningitis is the most common neurological presentation in early syphilis. Tertiary syphilis symptoms are exclusively ...
Hutchinson triad is a triad of signs that may be seen in late congenital syphilis; interstitial keratitis, malformed teeth (Hutchinson incisors and mulberry molars), and eighth nerve deafness. [1][2] The triad is named after British surgeon Sir Jonathan Hutchinson. [3] He noted that defects in teeth were a consistent feature in congenital syphilis.
General paresis, also known as general paralysis of the insane (GPI), paralytic dementia, or syphilitic paresis is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder, classified as an organic mental disorder, and is caused by late-stage syphilis and the chronic meningoencephalitis and cerebral atrophy that are associated with this late stage of the disease when left untreated.
For primary syphilis, TPPA has a sensitivity of 85% to 100%, and a specificity of 98% to 100%. [2] In secondary and late-latent syphilis, TPPA has a sensitivity of 98% to 100%. [2] Antibodies against other treponemal organisms, such as the T. pallidum subspecies endemicum, pertenue, or carateum, can cause false positive results.
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