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XKeyscore is a "piece of Linux software that is typically deployed on Red Hat servers. It uses the Apache web server and stores collected data in MySQL databases". [13] XKeyscore is considered a "passive" program, in that it listens, but does not transmit anything on the networks that it targets. [5]
Boundless Informant (stylized as BOUNDLESSINFORMANT) is a big data analysis and data visualization tool used by the United States National Security Agency (NSA). It gives NSA managers summaries of the NSA's worldwide data collection activities by counting metadata. [1] The existence of this tool was disclosed by documents leaked by Edward ...
PRISM is a code name for a program under which the United States National Security Agency (NSA) collects internet communications from various U.S. internet companies. [1][2][3] The program is also known by the SIGAD US-984XN. [4][5] PRISM collects stored internet communications based on demands made to internet companies such as Google LLC and ...
TEMPORA comprises different components, like the actual access points to fibre-optic cables, a sanitisation program codenamed POKERFACE, the XKEYSCORE system developed by NSA, and a Massive Volume Reduction (MVR) capability. [2] In May 2012, GCHQ had TEMPORA systems installed at the following locations: [2]
Edward Joseph Snowden (Russian: Эдвард Джозеф Сноуден, born June 21, 1983) is an American former NSA intelligence contractor and whistleblower [4] who leaked classified documents revealing the existence of global surveillance programs. He became a naturalized Russian citizen in 2022. In 2013, while working as a government ...
The program's capabilities and political implications were investigated by a committee of the European Parliament during 2000 and 2001 with a report published in 2001. [7] In July 2000, the Temporary Committee on the ECHELON Interception System was established by the European parliament to investigate the surveillance network. [ 35 ]
Perry Fellwock revealed the existence of then ultra secretive National Security Agency (NSA) and its global mass surveillance apparatus and activities, including domestic spying, in a 1971 Ramparts exposé. This was the first wide exposure of the NSA, which had for decades prevented public knowledge of its abilities and activities.
The National Security Agency (NSA) is an intelligence agency of the United States Department of Defense, under the authority of the Director of National Intelligence (DNI). The NSA is responsible for global monitoring, collection, and processing of information and data for foreign intelligence and counterintelligence purposes, specializing in a ...