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Zipf's law (/ z ɪ f /; German pronunciation:) is an empirical law stating that when a list of measured values is sorted in decreasing order, the value of the n-th entry is often approximately inversely proportional to n. The best known instance of Zipf's law applies to the frequency table of words in a text or corpus of natural language:
While Zipf's law works well in many cases, it tends to not fit the largest cities in many countries; one type of deviation is known as the King effect. A 2002 study found that Zipf's law was rejected in 53 of 73 countries, far more than would be expected based on random chance. [10]
The Brevity law appears universal and has also been observed acoustically when word size is measured in terms of word duration. [5] 2016 evidence suggests it holds in the acoustic communication of other primates. [6] Log per-million word count as a function of wordlength (number of characters) in the Brown Corpus, illustrating Zipf's Brevity Law.
For example, a ranked list of US metropolitan populations also follow Zipf's law, [8] and even forgetting follows Zipf's law. [9] This act of summarizing several natural data patterns with simple rules is a defining characteristic of these "empirical statistical laws".
Central place theory is an urban geographical theory that seeks to explain the number, size and range of market services in a commercial system or human settlements in a residential system. [1] It was introduced in 1933 to explain the spatial distribution of cities across the landscape. [2]
The city is a growing paradox. Humanity needs its many efficiencies: people living more densely and taking up less land — with easy access to decarbonized public transportation — collaborating ...
If you need a bit more explanation, ... Dune: Prophecy Episode 3, explained in simple terms. Emily Watson in 'Dune: Prophecy' Season 1, Episode 3. HBO. A check-in with Valya.
However, the long tails characterizing distributions such as the Gutenberg–Richter law or the words-occurrence Zipf's law, and those highlighted by Anderson and Shirky are of very different, if not opposite, nature: Anderson and Shirky refer to frequency-rank relations, whereas the Gutenberg–Richter law and the Zipf's law are probability ...