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The eukaryotic cell cycle consists of four distinct phases: G 1 phase, S phase (synthesis), G 2 phase (collectively known as interphase) and M phase (mitosis and cytokinesis). M phase is itself composed of two tightly coupled processes: mitosis, in which the cell's nucleus divides, and cytokinesis, in which the cell's cytoplasm and cell membrane divides forming two daughter cells.
The G1 checkpoint, also known as the restriction point in mammalian cells and the start point in yeast, is the point at which the cell becomes committed to entering the cell cycle.
An illustration of interphase. The chromatin has not yet condensed, and the cell is undergoing its normal functions. An image of the nucleus of a cell currently in interphase (likely G1).
In some experiments, a researcher may want to control and synchronize the time when a group of cells progress to the next phase of the cell cycle. [5] The cells can be induced to arrest as they arrive (at different time points) at a certain phase, so that when the arrest is lifted (for instance, rescuing cell cycle progression by introducing another chemical) all the cells resume cell cycle ...
E2F is a group of genes that encodes a family of transcription factors (TF) in higher eukaryotes.Three of them are activators: E2F1, 2 and E2F3a.Six others act as repressors: E2F3b, E2F4-8.
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Lysogenic cycle, compared to lytic cycle Lysogenic Cycle:1. The prokaryotic cell is shown with its DNA, in green. 2. The bacteriophage attaches and releases its DNA, shown in red, into the prokaryotic cell.