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Axial Age (also Axis Age, [1] from the German Achsenzeit) is a term coined by the German philosopher Karl Jaspers.It refers to broad changes in religious and philosophical thought that occurred in a variety of locations from about the 8th to the 3rd century BCE.
Hindu texts describe four yugas (world ages) in a Yuga Cycle—Krita (Satya) Yuga, Treta Yuga, Dvapara Yuga, and Kali Yuga—where, starting in order from the first age, each yuga's length decreases by one-fourth (25%), giving proportions of 4:3:2:1.
Some historians have labelled the period from 900 to 200 BCE as the "axial age", a term coined by German-Swiss philosopher Karl Jaspers (1883–1969). According to Jaspers, in this era of history "the spiritual foundations of humanity were laid simultaneously and independently... And these are the foundations upon which humanity still subsists ...
Hindu units of time are described in Hindu texts ranging from microseconds to trillions of years, including cycles of cosmic time that repeat general events in Hindu cosmology. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Time ( kāla ) is described as eternal. [ 3 ]
His books include Redeeming Men: Religion and Masculinities (with Stephen Boyd and Merle Longwood); [8] The Hindu Traditions: A Concise Introduction, [9] [10] which was awarded a Certificate of Special Distinction by the Uberoi Foundation for Religious Studies; The Age of the Sages: The Axial Age in Asia and the Near East.; [11] and Four Wise ...
2.2 Iron and Axial Age. 2.2.1 Middle East. 2.2.2 India. 2.2.3 Classical China. ... it is considered that an early form of Hinduism was performed during this civilization.
A yuga, in Hinduism, is generally used to indicate an age of time. [1] [2] In the Rigveda, a yuga refers to generations, a period of time (whether long or short), or a yoke (joining of two things). [3] In the Mahabharata, the words yuga and kalpa (a day of Brahma) are used interchangeably to describe the cycle of creation and destruction. [4]
The position of the Brahmans was reinforced, [162] the first Hindu temples dedicated to the gods of the Hindu deities, emerged during the late Gupta age. [ 162 ] [ note 31 ] During the Gupta reign the first Puranas were written, [ 35 ] [ note 6 ] which were used to disseminate "mainstream religious ideology amongst pre-literate and tribal ...