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The relevant term is of the porting target is computer architecture; it comprises the instruction set(s) and the microarchitecture(s) of the processor(s), at least of the CPU. The target also comprises the "system design" of the entire system, be it a supercomputer, a desktop computer or some SoC, e.g. in case some unique bus is being
clients that connect to the manager node, often with ssh. The clients can issue commands to the control daemon, which would accept and divide the workload to the computing daemons. For clients, the main commands are srun (queue up an interactive job), sbatch (queue up a job), squeue (print the job queue) and scancel (remove a job from the queue).
Several computer systems introduced in the 1960s, such as the IBM System/360, DEC PDP-6/PDP-10, the GE-600/Honeywell 6000 series, and the Burroughs B5000 series and B6500 series, support two CPU modes; a mode that grants full privileges to code running in that mode, and a mode that prevents direct access to input/output devices and some other hardware facilities to code running in that mode.
In the x86 architecture, the CPUID instruction (identified by a CPUID opcode) is a processor supplementary instruction (its name derived from CPU Identification) allowing software to discover details of the processor.
Some operating systems are single address space operating systems—they have a single address space for all user-mode code. (The kernel-mode code may be in the same address space, or it may be in a second address space). Other operating systems have a per-process address space, with a separate address space for each user-mode process.
KQEMU was a Linux kernel module, also written by Fabrice Bellard, which notably sped up emulation of x86 or x86-64 guests on platforms with the same CPU architecture. This worked by running user mode code (and optionally some kernel code) directly on the host computer's CPU, and by using processor and peripheral emulation only for kernel-mode ...
On Linux and all Unix-like operating systems, the utilities ifconfig and the newer ip (from the iproute2-bundle) are used to configure IEEE 802.3 and IEEE 802.11 hardware. These utilities configure the kernel directly and the configuration is applied immediately. After boot-up, the user is required to configure them again.
Linux distributions by processor architecture (6 C) A. ARM operating systems (13 C, 111 P) M. MIPS operating systems (2 C, 33 P) P. Power ISA operating systems (1 C, 5 P)