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  2. Ocean surface ecosystem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_surface_ecosystem

    Life for many marine organisms begins near the ocean surface. Buoyant eggs hatch into planktonic larvae that develop and disperse in the ocean for weeks to months before transitioning into juveniles and eventually finding suitable adult habitat. [97] The pelagic larval stage connects populations and serves as a source of new adults.

  3. Marine coastal ecosystem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_coastal_ecosystem

    A marine coastal ecosystem is a marine ecosystem which occurs where the land meets the ocean. Worldwide there is about 620,000 kilometres (390,000 mi) of coastline. Coastal habitats extend to the margins of the continental shelves, occupying about 7 percent of the ocean surface area.

  4. Kelp forest - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelp_forest

    For example, in southern Australia, manipulations of kelp canopy types demonstrated that the relative amount of Ecklonia radiata in a canopy could be used to predict understory species assemblages; consequently, the proportion of E. radiata can be used as an indicator of other species occurring in the environment.

  5. Marine habitat - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_habitat

    A marine habitat is a habitat that supports marine life. Marine life depends in some way on the saltwater that is in the sea (the term marine comes from the Latin mare, meaning sea or ocean). A habitat is an ecological or environmental area inhabited by one or more living species. [1] The marine environment supports many kinds of these habitats.

  6. Polar ecology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_ecology

    The dominant grassland is the tussock. These grasses get to be 2 m (6 ft 7 in) high, so they provide habitat for many mammals. [25] Of the 14,000,000 km 2 (5,400,000 sq mi) of land that makes up Antarctic, less than 2% of it does not have snow or ice. [26] One example of a type of vegetation is a crustose lichen. These lichens are found in ...

  7. Seashore wildlife - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seashore_wildlife

    A marine iguana, Amblyrhynchus cristatus, on a wharf at Santa Cruz Island, Galapagos. Seashore wildlife habitats exist from the Tropics to the Arctic and Antarctic.Seashores and beaches provide varied habitats in different parts of the world, and even within the same beach.

  8. Pelagic zone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelagic_zone

    Altogether, the pelagic zone occupies 1,330 million km 3 (320 million mi 3) with a mean depth of 3.68 km (2.29 mi) and maximum depth of 11 km (6.8 mi). [2] [3] [4] Pelagic life decreases as depth increases. The pelagic zone contrasts with the benthic and demersal zones at the bottom of the sea. The benthic zone is the ecological region at the ...

  9. Intertidal zone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intertidal_zone

    The edges of habitats, in this case the land and sea, are themselves often significant ecosystems, and the littoral zone is a prime example. A typical rocky shore can be divided into a spray zone or splash zone (also known as the supratidal zone ), which is above the spring high-tide line and is covered by water only during storms, and an ...