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In viticulture, the grape cluster (also bunch of grapes) is a fertilized inflorescence of the grapevine, the primary part of this plant used for food [1] (grape leaves are also used in some culinary traditions). [2] The size of the grape bunch greatly varies, from few grams to kilograms, depending on the grape variety and conditions during the ...
The optimum weather during the growing season is a long, warm summer that allows the grapes the opportunity to ripen fully and to develop a balance between the levels of acids and sugars in the grape. [20] Hot and sunny climates have a frost-free growing season of 200 days or more. [21]
A place where grape vines are grown for wine making purposes. Vintage The year in which a particular wine's grapes were harvested. When a vintage year is indicated on a label, it signifies that all the grapes used to make the wine in the bottle were harvested in that year. Viticulture The cultivation of grapes. Not to be confused with viniculture.
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Grafting is a process in which a new grape vine is produced by making a cut in the rootstock and then adding scionwood that is cut to fit inside the incision made in the rootstock. [4] This involves removing the canopy and most of the trunk of an existing vine and replacing it with a cutting of a new vine that is sealed by a graft union .
Pressing is the act of applying pressure to grapes or pomace in order to separate juice or wine from grapes and grape skins. Pressing is not always a necessary act in winemaking; if grapes are crushed there is a considerable amount of juice immediately liberated (called free-run juice) that can be used for vinification.
The natural occurrence of fermentation means it was probably first observed long ago by humans. [3] The earliest uses of the word "fermentation" in relation to winemaking was in reference to the apparent "boiling" within the must that came from the anaerobic reaction of the yeast to the sugars in the grape juice and the release of carbon dioxide.
Wilting of young grape leaves followed by maturer leaves; Chlorosis signaling that photosynthesis has stopped; Necrosis of dying leaf tissue which leads to premature leaf fall; Finally, the grape berries themselves start to shrivel and fall off the vine; The effectiveness of water stress is an area of continuing research in viticulture.