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Runway end identifier lights (REIL [1]) (ICAO identifies these as Runway Threshold Identification Lights) are installed at many airports to provide rapid and positive identification of the approach end of a particular runway. The system consists of a pair of synchronized flashing lights located laterally on each side of the runway threshold.
A precision approach path indicator (PAPI) is a system of lights on the side of an airport runway threshold that provides visual descent guidance information during final approach. It is generally located on the left-hand side of the runway approximately 300 metres (980 ft) beyond the landing threshold of the runway.
A marker beacon is a particular type of VHF radio beacon used in aviation, usually in conjunction with an instrument landing system (ILS), to give pilots a means to determine position along an established route to a destination such as a runway.
Approach lights at Jyväskylä Airport, Finland The approach lighting system of Bremen Airport Approach lighting at Love Field, Dallas. An approach lighting system (ALS) is a lighting system installed on the approach end of an airport runway and consisting of a series of lightbars, strobe lights, or a combination of the two that extends outward from the runway end. [1]
There are standards for runway markings. [27] The runway thresholds are markings across the runway that denote the beginning and end of the designated space for landing and takeoff under non-emergency conditions. [28] The runway safety area is the cleared, smoothed and graded area around the paved runway. It is kept free from any obstacles that ...
Takeoff Hold Lights (THL): Red unidirectional lights in a double-longitudinal row, located parallel to runway centerline lighting. Runway Intersection Lights (RIL): Similar to THLs, but located on a runway, prior to intersection with another runway. On taxiways, Runway Entrance Lights (RELs) show that runways are not safe to enter or cross.
The visual approach slope indicator (VASI) is a system of lights on the side of an airport runway threshold that provides visual descent guidance information during final approach. These lights may be visible from up to 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) during the day and up to 32 kilometres (20 mi) or more at night.
The majority of runway edge lights are clear or white, [2] but there are some exceptions to provide additional information to pilots in certain circumstances. When an instrument runway lighting is designed, the last 600 metres (2,000 ft), or one-half of the runway length available (whichever is less), are bi-directional.