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Tribal sovereignty in the United States is the concept of the inherent authority of Indigenous tribes to govern themselves within the borders of the United States. The U.S. federal government recognized American Indian tribes as independent nations and came to policy agreements with them via treaties .
House Concurrent Resolution 108 (H. Con. Res. 108), passed August 1, 1953, declared it to be the sense of Congress that it should be policy of the United States government to abolish federal supervision over American Indian tribes as soon as possible and to subject the Indians to the same laws, privileges, and responsibilities as other U.S. citizens. [1]
Federally recognized tribes are those Native American tribes recognized by the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs as holding a government-to-government relationship with the US federal government. [4] For Alaska Native tribes, see list of Alaska Native tribal entities.
The activists worked to restore Menominee tribal government and regain sovereignty. Their success was reflected in the Menominee Restoration Act , signed by President Richard Nixon in 1973. With the help of the Menominee Restoration Committee (MCR), the reservation was reformed in 1975, a tribal constitution was signed in 1976, and the new ...
Tribal criminal jurisdiction over Indians in Indian country is complete and exclusive unless there is a federal statute deeming it otherwise or limiting it in some way. [34] Exclusive jurisdiction is given to the tribal courts over non-major crimes committed by Indians against Indians in Indian country, as well as victimless Indian crimes.
The Great Father: The United States Government and the American Indians (abridged edition, 1986) McCarthy, Robert J. "The Bureau of Indian Affairs and the Federal Trust Obligation to American Indians," 19 BYU J. PUB. L. 1 (December, 2004). Ulrich, Roberta (2010). American Indian Nations from Termination to Restoration, 1953-2006.
The memorandum also repeated Executive Order 13175's support of policies that protect tribal sovereignty and right to self-determination. [4] President Barack Obama also dedicated his administration to the principles outlined in Executive Order 13175. On November 5, 2009, President Obama published a "Memorandum on Tribal Consultation". [10]
The Rights of Indians and Tribes: The Authoritative ACLU Guide to Indian and Tribal Rights. New York: New York University Press. ISBN 0-8147-6718-4. Pommershiem, Frank (1997). Braid of Feathers: American Indian Law and Contemporary Tribal Life. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-20894-3.