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In chemistry, Le Chatelier's principle (pronounced UK: / l ə ʃ æ ˈ t ɛ l j eɪ / or US: / ˈ ʃ ɑː t əl j eɪ /) [1] is a principle used to predict the effect of a change in conditions on chemical equilibrium. [2] Other names include Chatelier's principle, Braun–Le Chatelier principle, Le Chatelier–Braun principle or the equilibrium ...
Le Chatelier was born on 8 October 1850 in Paris and was the son of French materials engineer Louis Le Chatelier and Louise Durand. His father was an influential figure who played important roles in the birth of the French aluminium industry, the introduction of the Martin-Siemens processes into the iron and steel industries, and the rise of railway transportation.
In chemistry, the common-ion effect refers to the decrease in solubility of an ionic precipitate by the addition to the solution of a soluble compound with an ion in common with the precipitate. [1] This behaviour is a consequence of Le Chatelier's principle for the equilibrium reaction of the ionic association / dissociation .
Le Châtelier's principle (1884) predicts the behavior of an equilibrium system when changes to its reaction conditions occur. If a dynamic equilibrium is disturbed by changing the conditions, the position of equilibrium moves to partially reverse the change. For example, adding more S (to the chemical reaction above) from the outside will ...
Curtin proposed a new model for the Portevin–Le Chatelier effect (PLC effect), which is based on the "single-atomic-hop motion of solutes from the compression to the tension side of a dislocation core." This model provides a predictive framework for understanding dynamic strain ageing (DSA) in these alloys, offering new insights into the ...
The time to reach equilibrium depends on parameters such as temperature, pressure, and the materials involved, and is determined by the minimum free energy. In equilibrium, the Gibbs free energy of reaction must be zero. The pressure dependence can be explained with the Le Chatelier's principle. For example, an increase in pressure due to ...
With increasing temperature, the reaction rate increases, but hydrogen production becomes less favorable thermodynamically [5] since the water gas shift reaction is moderately exothermic; this shift in chemical equilibrium can be explained according to Le Chatelier's principle.
1888 – Henri-Louis Le Chatelier states his principle that the response of a chemical system perturbed from equilibrium will be to counteract the perturbation; 1889 – Walther Nernst relates the voltage of electrochemical cells to their chemical thermodynamics via the Nernst equation