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When overheating, the temperature of the part rises above the operating temperature. Overheating can take place: if heat is produced in more than expected amount (such as in cases of short-circuits, or applying more voltage than rated), or; if heat dissipation is poor, so that normally produced waste heat does not drain away properly.
Electrostatic discharge (ESD) is a subclass of electrical overstress and may cause immediate device failure, permanent parameter shifts and latent damage causing increased degradation rate. It has at least one of three components, localized heat generation, high current density and high electric field gradient; prolonged presence of currents of ...
This cools the heat sink and whatever it is in direct thermal contact with. Use of fluids (for example coolants in refrigeration) and thermal interface material (in cooling electronic devices) ensures good transfer of thermal energy to the heat sink. Similarly, a fan may improve the transfer of thermal energy from the heat sink to the air.
An example extract from the National Union of Teachers (NUT) Fire Safety Brief: [3] Electrical equipment should be regularly maintained by competent people. Machines should not be allowed to overheat. Care should be taken not to cover machines while they are switched on as this is particularly likely to cause overheating.
A finned air cooled heatsink with fan clipped onto a CPU, with a smaller passive heatsink without fan in the background A 3-fan heatsink mounted on a video card to maximize cooling efficiency of the GPU and surrounding components Commodore 128DCR computer's switch-mode power supply, with a user-installed 60 mm cooling fan.
Electrical devices (outlets, switches, lighting, fans, etc.) at the time were not designed with the particular properties of the aluminum wire being used in mind, and there were some issues related to the properties of the wire itself, making the installations with aluminum wire much more susceptible to problems.
But these devices can be dangerous: Heating equipment is a leading cause of fires in American homes and the vast majority of home heating fire deaths involved stationary or portable space heaters ...
A thermal cutoff is an electrical safety device (either a thermal fuse or thermal switch) that interrupts electric current when heated to a specific temperature. These devices may be for one-time use (a thermal fuse), or may be reset manually or automatically (a thermal switch).