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[230] [231] The main dome of the Hagia Sophia was the largest pendentive dome in the world until the completion of St Peter's Basilica, and it has a much lower height than any other dome of such a large diameter. The great dome at the Hagia Sophia is 32.6 meters (one hundred and seven feet) in diameter and is only 0.61 meters (two feet) thick.
English: "Vue générale de la grande nef, en regardant l'occident" - An illustration of the nave of the Ayasofya Mosque/Hagia Sophia from the period when it was in use as a mosque. This appears to be a very accurate depiction, compare this (somewhat badly degraded) photograph from fifty years later.
The Florence Cathedral's dome has octagonal supporting walls, like the Dome of Soltaniyeh. The Dome of Soltaniyeh is the third largest brick dome in the world (after Florence Cathedral and Hagia Sophia). Hagia Sophia is older than the Dome of Soltaniyeh, but the Hagia Sophia is a single shell brick dome. [55] 1659 – 1937 44 140 Gol Gumbaz
[7] [8] The Hagia Sophia, a massive domed church completed in 537 under Justinian I, is the greatest achievement of Byzantine architecture. [9] [10] It exercised significant influence on subsequent Byzantine church architecture and eventually on Ottoman architecture. [11] The Byzantine style is also known for its sophisticated mosaic art.
They built the Spanish (1854) and Iranian (1856) embassies in Istanbul and the Ottoman University, adjacent to the Hagia Sophia. In addition, they built three Italian theaters. One of them was the Naum Theatre, which was built in Galatasaray in 1846, and destroyed by a fire in 1870. In 1858, the Fossati brothers returned to Switzerland.
Omphalion at the Hagia Sophia (2015) One of the most intriguing features of Hagia Sophia is a marble section of the floor known as the Omphalos. The Omphalos is located in the south-east quarter of the main square beneath the dome, exactly in the middle of the square. Each side measures 5.65 meters (18.5 feet).
Originally the dome was constructed without ribs, but achieved its present-day construction with ribs when Isidore the Younger repaired the church. [19] After a great earthquake in 989 ruined the dome of Hagia Sophia, the Byzantine officials summoned Trdat the Architect to Byzantium to organize repairs. The restored dome was completed by 994. [21]