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Delay time depends on the data rate. For instance, in a 40 Gbit/s system, one bit corresponds to 25 picoseconds, and light travels 5 mm in a fiber optics or 7.5 mm in free space within that period. Thus the optical path difference between the two beams is 5 mm or 7.5 mm depending on the type of interferometer used.
A digital delay line (or simply delay line, also called delay filter) is a discrete element in a digital filter, which allows a signal to be delayed by a number of samples. Delay lines are commonly used to delay audio signals feeding loudspeakers to compensate for the speed of sound in air, and to align video signals with accompanying audio ...
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When their signal is reflected back, it is mixed with the inverted signal from the delay line, which cancels out the echo. This allowed both modems to use the full spectrum available, doubling the possible speed. Echo cancellation is also applied by many telcos to the line itself and can cause data corruption rather than improving the signal.
One example of an analog delay line is a bucket-brigade device. [1] Other types of delay line include acoustic (usually ultrasonic), magnetostrictive, and surface acoustic wave devices. A series of resistor–capacitor circuits (RC circuits) can be cascaded to form a delay. A long transmission line can also provide a delay element. The delay ...
Delay-line memory is a form of computer memory, mostly obsolete, that was used on some of the earliest digital computers, and is reappearing in the form of optical delay lines. Like many modern forms of electronic computer memory, delay-line memory was a refreshable memory , but as opposed to modern random-access memory , delay-line memory was ...
A direct form discrete-time FIR filter of order N.The top part is an N-stage delay line with N + 1 taps. Each unit delay is a z −1 operator in Z-transform notation. A lattice-form discrete-time FIR filter of order N.
A bucket brigade or bucket-brigade device (BBD) is a discrete-time analogue delay line, [1] developed in 1969 by F. Sangster and K. Teer of the Philips Research Labs in the Netherlands. It consists of a series of capacitance sections C 0 to C n. The stored analogue signal is moved along the line of capacitors, one step at each clock cycle.