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In Christianity, the term was originally applied to a Christian who lives the eremitic life out of a religious conviction, namely the Desert Theology of the Old Testament (i.e., the 40 years wandering in the desert that was meant to bring about a change of heart).
There are two forms of monasticism: eremitic and cenobitic. Eremitic monks, or hermits, live in solitude, whereas cenobitic monks live in communities, generally in a monastery, under a rule (or code of practice) and are governed by an abbot. Originally, all Christian monks were hermits, following the example of Anthony the Great.
Cenobitic (or coenobitic) monasticism is a monastic tradition that stresses community life. Often in the West the community belongs to a religious order, and the life of the cenobitic monk is regulated by a religious rule, a collection of precepts. The older style of monasticism, to live as a hermit, is called eremitic.
Saint Paul, "The First Hermit", Jusepe de Ribera, Museo del Prado (1640) The grazers or boskoi (in Ancient Greek: βοσκοί, romanized: boskoí) are a category of hermits and anchorites, men and women, in Christianity, that developed in the first millennium of the Christian era, mainly in the Christian East, in Syria, Palestine, Pontus, Mesopotamia, and Egypt.
The Desert Fathers were early Christian hermits and ascetics, who lived primarily in the Scetes desert of the Roman province of Egypt, beginning around the third century AD. The Apophthegmata Patrum is a collection of the wisdom of some of the early desert monks and nuns , in print as Sayings of the Desert Fathers .
Those called to life in the poustinia were not uncommon in Russia prior to the suppression of Christianity in the early 20th century. [citation needed] In this Eastern Christian expression of the eremitic vocation, poustiniks are not solitary but are part of the local community to which they are called. The poustinik is a servant of God and God ...
He is considered to be the very first Christian eremitic ascetic. He lived very reclusively and was only discovered by Anthony towards the end of his life. [2] 249-51: Persecution of Christians under Emperor Decius forces many Christians to flee into the desert (including Paul the Great [2]), thus starting Egyptian Christian monasticism. [3] [4 ...
What makes the consecrated life a more exacting way of Christian living is the public religious vows or other sacred bonds whereby the consecrated persons commit themselves, for the love of God, to observe as binding the evangelical counsels of chastity, poverty and obedience from the Gospel, or, in the case of consecrated virgins a holy resolution (sanctum propositum) of leading a life of ...