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2. Surge protector - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surge_protector

   The terms surge protection device (SPD) and transient voltage surge suppressor (TVSS) are used to describe electrical devices typically installed in power distribution panels, process control systems, communications systems, and other heavy-duty industrial systems, for the purpose of protecting against electrical surges and spikes, including those caused by lightning.

3. Inrush current - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inrush_current

   Inrush current. Inrush current, input surge current, or switch-on surge is the maximal instantaneous input current drawn by an electrical device when first turned on. Alternating-current electric motors and transformers may draw several times their normal full-load current when first energized, for a few cycles of the input waveform.

4. Voltage spike - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage_spike

   Voltage spikes, also known as surges, may be created by a rapid buildup or decay of a magnetic field, which may induce energy into the associated circuit. However voltage spikes can also have more mundane causes such as a fault in a transformer or higher-voltage (primary circuit) power wires falling onto lower-voltage (secondary circuit) power ...

5. Overvoltage - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overvoltage

   Overvoltage. Voltage spike. In electrical engineering, overvoltage is the raising of voltage beyond the design limit of a circuit or circuit element. The conditions may be hazardous. Depending on its duration, the overvoltage event can be transient —a voltage spike —or permanent, leading to a power surge.

6. IEC 61000-4-5 - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEC_61000-4-5

   IEC 61000-4-5 is an international standard by the International Electrotechnical Commission on surge immunity. In an electrical installation, disruptive surges can appear on power and data lines. Their sources include abrupt load switching and faults in the power system, as well as induced lightning transients from an indirect lightning strike ...

7. Impulse generator - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impulse_generator

   An impulse generator is an electrical apparatus which produces very short high- voltage or high- current surges. Such devices can be classified into two types: impulse voltage generators and impulse current generators. High impulse voltages are used to test the strength of electric power equipment against lightning and switching surges.