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Objects are instances of a class. Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects, [1] which can contain data and code: data in the form of fields (often known as attributes or properties), and code in the form of procedures (often known as methods).
Immutable object. In object-oriented (OO) and functional programming, an immutable object (unchangeable [1] object) is an object whose state cannot be modified after it is created. [2] This is in contrast to a mutable object (changeable object), which can be modified after it is created. [3] In some cases, an object is considered immutable even ...
In object-oriented programming, object copying is the act of creating and initializing a new object based on an existing object's state. The various ways to implement copy have implications that a programmer needs to understand in order to write a computer program that is correct and performant. Copying allows for the emergent state of the ...
In class-based, object-oriented programming, a constructor (abbreviation: ctor) is a special type of function called to create an object. It prepares the new object for use, often accepting arguments that the constructor uses to set required member variables. A constructor resembles an instance method, but it differs from a method in that it ...
Copy-on-write. Copy-on-write (COW), sometimes referred to as implicit sharing[1] or shadowing, [2] is a resource-management technique used in computer programming to efficiently implement a "duplicate" or "copy" operation on modifiable resources [3] (most commonly memory pages, storage sectors, files, and data structures).
In the terms of type theory, a class is an implementation—a concrete data structure and collection of subroutines—while a type is an interface. Different (concrete) classes can produce objects of the same (abstract) type (depending on type system). For example, the type (interface) Stack might be implemented by SmallStack that ...
Entity–relationship model. An entity–attribute-relationship diagram for an MMORPG using Chen's notation. An entity–relationship model (or ER model) describes interrelated things of interest in a specific domain of knowledge. A basic ER model is composed of entity types (which classify the things of interest) and specifies relationships ...
Object-oriented programming (OOP) is object-based with the addition of polymorphism and inheritance. An object-oriented system integrates code (behavior) and data (state) into objects. In a class-based language, an object is an instance of a class. In the relational model of database management, aspects such as table and column may act as objects.