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2. Water softening - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_softening

   Water softening. Idealized image of water softening process involving replacement of calcium ions in water with sodium ions donated by a cation-exchange resin. Water softening is the removal of calcium, magnesium, and certain other metal cations in hard water. The resulting soft water requires less soap for the same cleaning effort, as soap is ...

3. Dishwasher salt - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dishwasher_salt

   Dishwasher salt is a particular grade of granulated, crystalline sodium chloride intended for regenerating the water softener circuit of household or industrial dishwashers. Analogous to water softener salt, dishwasher salt regenerates ion exchange resins , expelling the therein trapped calcium and magnesium ions that characterize hard water .

4. Dealkalization of water - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dealkalization_of_water

   The dealkalization of water refers to the removal of alkalinity ions from water. Chloride cycle anion ion-exchange dealkalizers remove alkalinity from water. Chloride cycle dealkalizers operate similar to sodium cycle cation water softeners. Like water softeners, dealkalizers contain ion-exchange resins that are regenerated with a concentrated ...

5. Ion-exchange resin - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion-exchange_resin

   Ion-exchange resin beads. An ion-exchange resin or ion-exchange polymer is a resin or polymer that acts as a medium for ion exchange.It is an insoluble matrix (or support structure) normally in the form of small (0.25–1.43 mm radius) microbeads, usually white or yellowish, fabricated from an organic polymer substrate.

6. Sodium hexametaphosphate - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_hexametaphosphate

   Sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) is a salt of composition Na6[ (PO3)6]. [3] Sodium hexametaphosphate of commerce is typically a mixture of metaphosphates (empirical formula: NaPO 3), of which the hexamer is one, and is usually the compound referred to by this name. Such a mixture is more correctly termed sodium polymetaphosphate.

7. Water purification - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_purification

   Fresh water can have widely ranging pH values depending on the geology of the drainage basin or aquifer and the influence of contaminant inputs . If the water is acidic (lower than 7), lime, soda ash, or sodium hydroxide can be added to raise the pH during water purification processes. Lime addition increases the calcium ion concentration, thus ...