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A pericardial effusion is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pericardial cavity. The pericardium is a two-part membrane surrounding the heart: the outer fibrous connective membrane and an inner two-layered serous membrane. The two layers of the serous membrane enclose the pericardial cavity (the potential space) between them. [1]
Findings. eFAST (extended focused assessment with sonography for trauma) allows an emergency physician or a surgeon the ability to determine whether a patient has pneumothorax, hemothorax, pleural effusion, mass/tumor, or a lodged foreign body. The exam allows for visualization of the echogenic tissue, ribs, and lung tissue.
Pericardiocentesis should be performed with ultrasound guidance whenever possible to prevent complications. [2] [6] This allows practitioners to assess the location of the pericardial effusion and identify adjacent structures. [6] With ultrasound guidance, an apical approach is most often used, but parasternal and subxiphoid approaches can also ...
Pulsus paradoxus is a sign that is indicative of several conditions, most commonly pericardial effusion. [ 1 ] The paradox in pulsus paradoxus is that, on physical examination , one can detect beats on cardiac auscultation during inspiration that cannot be palpated at the radial pulse . [ 1 ]
Hemangiosarcoma. Hemangiosarcoma is a rapidly growing, highly invasive variety of cancer that occurs almost exclusively in dogs, and only rarely in cats, horses, mice, [1] or humans (vinyl chloride toxicity). It is a sarcoma arising from the lining of blood vessels; that is, blood-filled channels and spaces are commonly observed microscopically.
The differential diagnoses of Kussmaul's sign includes constrictive pericarditis, restrictive cardiomyopathy, pericardial effusion, and severe right-sided heart failure. [ citation needed ] With cardiac tamponade , jugular veins are distended and typically show a prominent x descent and an absent y descent as opposed to patients with ...
Cardiac tamponade, also known as pericardial tamponade (/ ˌtæm.pəˈneɪd / [ 4 ]), is a compression of the heart due to pericardial effusion (the build-up of pericardial fluid in the sac around the heart). [ 2 ] Onset may be rapid or gradual. [ 2 ] Symptoms typically include those of obstructive shock including shortness of breath, weakness ...
A transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) is the most common type of echocardiogram, which is a still or moving image of the internal parts of the heart using ultrasound. In this case, the probe (or ultrasonic transducer) is placed on the chest or abdomen of the subject to get various views of the heart. It is used as a non-invasive assessment of ...