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Arsenic is the 53rd most abundant element in the Earth's crust, comprising about 1.5 parts per million (0.00015%). [ 43 ] Typical background concentrations of arsenic do not exceed 3 ng/m 3 in the atmosphere; 100 mg/kg in soil; 400 μg/kg in vegetation; 10 μg/L in freshwater and 1.5 μg/L in seawater. [ 44 ]
In humans, arsenic of these valences is readily absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract, which accounts for its high toxicity. Pentavalent arsenic tends to be reduced to trivalent arsenic and trivalent arsenic tends to proceed via oxidative methylation in which the trivalent arsenic is made into mono, di and trimethylated products by ...
Arsenic was known to be poisonous during the Victorian era. [103] Beginning in about 3000 BC arsenic was mined and added to copper in the alloying of bronze, but the adverse health effects of working with arsenic led to it being abandoned when a viable alternative, tin, was discovered. [104]
Arsenic is a naturally occurring element that is “widely distributed throughout the environment,” according to the World Health Organization (WHO), found in rocks, soil, air, and water ...
The international pictogram for toxic chemicals. The history of poison[1] stretches from before 4500 BCE to the present day. Poisons have been used for many purposes across the span of human existence, most commonly as weapons, anti-venoms, and medicines. Poison has been heavily studied in toxicology, among other sciences, and its use has led ...
Then, they can bind to and interfere with the functioning of vital cellular components. The toxic effects of arsenic, mercury, and lead were known to the ancients, but methodical studies of the toxicity of some heavy metals appear to date from only 1868. In humans, heavy metal poisoning is generally treated by the administration of chelating ...
Arsenic, a naturally occurring substance that can be found in air, water and soil but can also be released into the environment by agricultural and industrial processes such as mining and metal ...
Arsenic biochemistry. S-Adenosylmethionine, a source of methyl groups in many biogenic arsenic compounds. Arsenic biochemistry refers to biochemical processes that can use arsenic or its compounds, such as arsenate. Arsenic is a moderately abundant element in Earth's crust, and although many arsenic compounds are often considered highly toxic ...