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  2. Silicon dioxide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_dioxide

    Silicon dioxide, also known as silica, is an oxide of silicon with the chemical formula SiO 2, commonly found in nature as quartz. [5] [6] In many parts of the world, silica is the major constituent of sand. Silica is one of the most complex and abundant families of materials, existing as a compound of several minerals and as a

  3. Sodium silicate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_silicate

    Pottery. Sodium silicate is used as a deflocculant in casting slips helping reduce viscosity and the need for large amounts of water to liquidize the clay body. It is also used to create a crackle effect in pottery, usually wheel-thrown. A vase or bottle is thrown on the wheel, fairly narrow and with thick walls.

  4. Diatomaceous earth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diatomaceous_earth

    The typical chemical composition of oven-dried diatomaceous earth is 80–90% silica, with 2–4% alumina (attributed mostly to clay minerals), and 0.5–2% iron oxide. [2] Diatomaceous earth consists of the fossilized remains of diatoms, a type of hard-shelled microalgae. [3] It is used as a filtration aid, mild abrasive in products including ...

  5. Silicon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon

    Silicon. face-centered diamond-cubic (cF8) Silicon is a chemical element; it has symbol Si and atomic number 14. It is a hard, brittle crystalline solid with a blue-grey metallic luster, and is a tetravalent metalloid and semiconductor. It is a member of group 14 in the periodic table: carbon is above it; and germanium, tin, lead, and flerovium ...

  6. Space Shuttle thermal protection system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Shuttle_thermal...

    Silica tile from Atlantis. The TPS was a system of different protection types, not just silica tiles. They are in two basic categories: tile TPS and non-tile TPS. [1] The main selection criteria used the lightest weight protection capable of handling the heat in a given area.

  7. Silicate mineral - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicate_mineral

    A silicate mineral is generally an inorganic compound consisting of subunits with the formula [SiO 2+n] 2n−. Although depicted as such, the description of silicates as anions is a simplification. Balancing the charges of the silicate anions are metal cations, M x+. Typical cations are Mg 2+, Fe 2+, and Na +.

  8. Silicosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicosis

    Silicosis is a form of occupational lung disease caused by inhalation of crystalline silica dust. It is marked by inflammation and scarring in the form of nodular lesions in the upper lobes of the lungs. It is a type of pneumoconiosis. [4] Silicosis, particularly the acute form, is characterized by shortness of breath, cough, fever, and ...

  9. Hydrated silica - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrated_silica

    Hydrated silica is a primary ingredient in modern toothpastes, serving as a high performance abrasive during cleaning. [1] Hydrated silica is a form of silicon dioxide, which has a variable amount of water in the formula. When dissolved in water, it is usually known as silicic acid. It is found in nature as opal [2] (which has been mined as a ...

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