Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Lower urinary tract infections may involve the bladder (cystitis) or urethra while upper urinary tract infections affect the kidney (pyelonephritis). [10] Symptoms from a lower urinary tract infection include suprapubic pain, painful urination ( dysuria ), frequency and urgency of urination despite having an empty bladder. [ 1 ]
Hemorrhagic cystitis or haemorrhagic cystitis is an inflammation of the bladder defined by lower urinary tract symptoms that include dysuria, hematuria, and hemorrhage. The disease can occur as a complication of cyclophosphamide , ifosfamide and radiation therapy.
Chronic asymptomatic bacteriuria occurs in as many as 50% of the population in long-term care. [12] There is an association between asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women with low birth weight, preterm delivery, cystitis, infection of the newborn and fetus death. [8] [13] [10] However, most of these studies were graded as poor quality. [8]
Hematuria (one of the symptoms of Nephritic syndrome. Historically, nephritic syndrome has been characterized by blood in the urine (), high blood pressure (hypertension), decreased urine output <400 ml/day (), red blood cell casts, pyuria, and mild to moderate proteinuria.
Signs indicative of urethral syndrome include a history of chronic recurrent urinary tract infections (UTI) in the absence of both conventional bacterial growth and pyuria (more than 5 white blood cells per high power field). [3]
Cystitis cystica is an uncommon chronic reactive inflammatory disease that is believed to be brought on by a tumor, calculi, infection, or obstruction of the urothelium. [1] Cystitis glandularis is a proliferative progression of cystitis cystica that is distinguished by urothelial glandular metaplasia.
Acute pain is more common than chronic pain. [2] If the pain lasts for more than six months, it is deemed to be chronic pelvic pain. [3] [4] It can affect both the male and female pelvis. Common causes in include: endometriosis in women, bowel adhesions, irritable bowel syndrome, and interstitial cystitis.
In relation to interstitial cystitis, when noxious stimuli are present, it causes injury to the bladder mucosa resulting in recruitment of inflammatory cells. [3] Disruption of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) layer [ 14 ] along with the increased presence of mast cells , T cells , and B cells causes the bladder epithelium to become more permeable.