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Persecution of Sufis over the course of centuries has included acts of religious discrimination, persecution, and violence both by Sunni and Shia Muslims, [1] such as destruction of Sufi shrines, [2] tombs and mosques, suppression of Sufi orders, murder, and terrorism against adherents of Sufism in a number of Muslim-majority countries. [3]
Mansour al-Hallaj (Arabic: ابو المغيث الحسين بن منصور الحلاج, romanized: Abū 'l-Muġīth al-Ḥusayn ibn Manṣūr al-Ḥallāj) or Mansour Hallaj (Persian: منصور حلاج, romanized: Mansūr-e Hallāj) (c. 858 – 26 March 922) (Hijri c. 244 AH – 309 AH) was a Persian mystic, poet, and teacher of Sufism.
The mausoleum of Ahmad Yasawi who was also considered a Sufi saint and poet in Turkistan, current day Kazakhstan.. Sufi saints or wali (Arabic: ولي, plural ʾawliyāʾ أولياء) played an instrumental role in spreading Islam throughout the world. [1]
Illustrated folio from a 'Khamsa' (quintet) by Amir Khusrau depicting Sufi saint Nizamuddin Auliya with three attendants, ca.1450 or earlier He had more than 600 khalifas (a khalifa is a disciple who is given the authority to take his own disciples and thus propagate the spiritual lineage) who continued his lineage all over the world.
Aḥmad ibn ʽAlī al-Rifāʽī (Arabic: أَحْمَد ابْن عَلِي ٱلرِّفَاعِي) was a Sunni Muslim preacher, ascetic, mystic, jurist, and theologian, known for being the eponymous founder of the Rifaʽi tariqa (Sufi order) of Islam. [1] [2] The Rifaʽi order had its greatest following until it was overtaken by the Qadiri order.
Abu Mohammed Abdallah al-Ghazwani (Arabic: أبو محمد عبد الله الغزواني) (died in 1529) was a Sufi saint from Morocco in the tradition of al-Jazuli and ash-Shadhili. He was the successor of Abdelaziz al-Tebaa. Some two hundred years after his death he became one of the Sabaatou rijales, the seven saints of Marrakesh.
Malik Baya was a distinguished military general, and a Sufi saint as well. When the Abbasids persecuted his ancestors, they escaped to Ghazni. He was born and raised in Ghazni. [citation needed] Malik Baya received his education and military training in Ghazni and then he came to Delhi to serve under the tutelage of Muhammad bin Tughlaq.
ʿAbd al-Karīm al-Jīlī, or Abdul Karim Jili (Arabic:عبد الكريم الجيلي) was a Muslim Sufi saint and mystic who was born in 1365, in what is modern day Iraq, possibly in the neighborhood of Jil in Baghdad. [1] [2] He is known in Muslim mysticism as the author of Universal Man.