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Eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EG or EGE), also known as eosinophilic enteritis, [1] is a rare and heterogeneous condition characterized by patchy or diffuse eosinophilic infiltration of gastrointestinal (GI) tissue, first described by Kaijser in 1937.
Human immunodeficiency virus enteropathy; Characterized by chronic diarrhea more than one month in duration with no obvious infectious cause in an HIV-positive individual. Thought to be due to direct or indirect effects of HIV on the enteric mucosa. [5] Immunodysregulation polyendocrinopathy and enteropathy, X-linked (IPEX syndrome, see FOXP3)
Eosinophilic gastroenteritis, also known as eosinophilic enteropathy or eosinophilic enteritis [7] – a rare and heterogeneous condition where eosinophils build up in the gastrointestinal tract and blood vessels, leading to polyp formation, necrosis, inflammation and ulcers. [8]
GSE has key symptoms typically restricted to the bowel and associated tissues; however, there are a wide variety of associated conditions. These include bowel disorders (diarrhoea, constipation, irritable bowel), eosinophilic gastroenteritis and increase with coeliac disease (CD) severity.
Based on their causes, hypereosinophilias can be sorted into subtypes. However, cases of eosinophilia, which exhibit eosinophil counts between 500 and 1,500/μL, may fit the clinical criteria for, and thus be regarded as falling into, one of these hypereosinophilia categories: the cutoff of 1,500/μL between hypereosinophilia and eosinophilia is somewhat arbitrary.
For instance, patients with eosinophilic asthma have high levels of eosinophils that lead to inflammation and tissue damage, making it more difficult for patients to breathe. [ 6 ] [ 7 ] Eosinophils persist in the circulation for 8–12 hours, and can survive in tissue for an additional 8–12 days in the absence of stimulation. [ 8 ]
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an allergic inflammatory condition of the esophagus that involves eosinophils, a type of white blood cell. In healthy individuals, the esophagus is typically devoid of eosinophils. [ 2 ]
More recent studies of adults with autoimmune enteropathy expanded the criteria to include prolonged diarrhea (lasting longer than six weeks) accompanied by malabsorption, diminished intraepithelial lymphocytosis, deep crypt lymphocytosis, increased crypt apoptotic bodies, and the exclusion of other causes of villous atrophy; each of the ...