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Pseudothrombophlebitis is a clinical condition where there are signs and symptoms of phlebitis in the absence of a thrombophlebitis lesion. Symptoms include pain, swelling, erythema and tenderness evolving over hours or days.
Neonatal maladjustment syndrome (NMS) is a syndrome where newborn foals exhibit uncommon behaviors, occurring in three to five percent of live births. These behaviors can include aimless wandering, hypersensitivity to loud sounds and brightness, weakness or coordination issues, and the incapability to nurse.
Congenital contractural arachnodactyly (CA), also known as fawn calf syndrome, is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder in cattle. [1] The disorder affects the connective tissue of muscles, [ 1 ] leading to contracture of the upper limb (most obvious in the hind limbs), and laxity of the joints of the lower limbs. [ 2 ]
Charley horses have many possible causes directly resulting from high or low pH or substrate concentrations in the blood, including hormonal imbalances, dehydration, low levels of magnesium, potassium, or calcium (evidence has been mixed), [5] [6] [7] side effects of medication, or, more seriously, diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and neuropathy. [8]
Treatment with fondaparinux reduces the risk of subsequent venous thromboembolism. [ 21 ] Surgery is reserved for patients with extension of the clot to within 1 cm of the saphenofemoral junction , in patients deemed unreliable for anticoagulation, upon failure of anticoagulation, and in patients with intense pain. [ 18 ]
Early signs: swelling of the thigh, with leg up and tail raised (arrows) Recovered calf after removing of all necrotic tissue. Blackleg, black quarter, quarter evil, or quarter ill (Latin: gangraena emphysematosa) is an infectious bacterial disease most commonly caused by Clostridium chauvoei, a Gram-positive bacterial species.
After many examples of false-positive Homans' signs were reported, Homans redefined it in 1944, stating that "discomfort need have no part in the reaction", and that increased resistance, involuntary flexure of the knee or pain in the calf upon forced dorsiflexion should be considered positive responses. [1] [2] [3] [needs update]
Surgery is often recommended in those with Rutherford Class 2b or greater, as blood flow is generally restored much more quickly. The primary surgical intervention in acute limb ischaemia is emergency embolectomy using a Fogarty Catheter , providing the limb is still viable within the 4-6h timeframe. [ 25 ]