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This ten-minute process flushes out solids, and expands the resin bed. Brine draw: Water is directed through a jet pump, which pulls salt water from the brine tank, before the water and brine pass through the resin bed in the normal direction, if co-current, or in the reverse direction, if counter-current. [11]
Water softeners are usually regenerated with brine containing 10% sodium chloride. [7] Aside from the soluble chloride salts of divalent cations removed from the softened water, softener regeneration wastewater contains the unused 50–70% of the sodium chloride regeneration flushing brine required to reverse ion-exchange resin equilibria.
In the case of a water softener, the cation exchange resin is exchanging sodium (the Na + ion of NaCl) for hardness minerals such as calcium and magnesium. A dealkalizer contains strong base anion exchange resin that exchanges chloride (the Cl – ion of the NaCl) for carbonate (CO − 3), bicarbonate (H C O − 3) and sulfate (SO 2− 4). As ...
Ion-exchange resin beads. An ion-exchange resin or ion-exchange polymer is a resin or polymer that acts as a medium for ion exchange, that is also known as an ionex. [1] It is an insoluble matrix (or support structure) normally in the form of small (0.25–1.43 mm radius) microbeads, usually white or yellowish, fabricated from an organic polymer substrate.
Nov. 24—HAMLET — International Tie Disposal, LLC, is seeking a permit to discharge stormwater from their Richmond County facility into Mill Creek and the Lumber River Basin. The Division of ...
This is followed by a settling tank to allow the biological flocs (the sludge blanket) to settle, thus separating the biological sludge from the clear treated water. Part of the waste sludge is recycled to the aeration tank and the remaining waste sludge is removed for further treatment and ultimate disposal.
Electrodeionization (EDI) is a water treatment technology that utilizes DC power, ion exchange membranes, and ion exchange resin to deionize water.EDI is typically employed as a polishing treatment following reverse osmosis (RO), and is used in the production of ultrapure water.
As a water conservation measure, many water purification plants recycle filter backwash water and other product streams from sludge treatment processes back to the beginning of the plant. [4]: 22.40–22.43 [5]: 242–3 On June 8, 2001, the USEPA released a final regulation governing acceptable practices for recycling backwash water. [10]