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The list of organisms by chromosome count describes ploidy or numbers of chromosomes in the cells of various plants, animals, protists, and other living organisms.This number, along with the visual appearance of the chromosome, is known as the karyotype, [1] [2] [3] and can be found by looking at the chromosomes through a microscope.
Euploidy and aneuploidy describe having a number of chromosomes that is an exact multiple of the number of chromosomes in a normal gamete; and having any other number, respectively. For example, a person with Turner syndrome may be missing one sex chromosome (X or Y), resulting in a (45,X) karyotype instead of the usual (46,XX) or (46,XY).
A monoploid has only one set of chromosomes, and the term is usually only applied to cells or organisms that are normally diploid. Males of bees and other Hymenoptera, for example, are monoploid. Unlike animals, plants and multicellular algae have life cycles with two alternating multicellular generations.
This was previously thought to be the highest chromosome number known for a mammal, [3] but it has since been found that the plains viscacha rat or red viscacha rat (Tympanoctomys barrerae) has 4x = 2n = 102. [4]
Przewalski's horse has the highest diploid chromosome number among all equine species. They can interbreed with the domestic horse and produce fertile offspring, with 65 chromosomes. [6] The mitochondrial genome has 37 genes that are 99.63% identical to that of the domestic horse. [25]
It has almost 1260 number of chromosomes in the meiocyte (spore mother cell) which undergo meiosis, the reduction division to form the spore with only one set of chromosomes getting incorporated into each spore. [5] The species Ophioglossum reticulatum has the highest number of chromosomes found in any multicellular organism. [6]
The basic number of chromosomes in the somatic cells of an individual or a species is called the somatic number and is designated 2n. In the germ-line (the sex cells) the chromosome number is n (humans: n = 23). [4] [5] p28 Thus, in humans 2n = 46. So, in normal diploid organisms, autosomal chromosomes are present in two copies.
Number of Predicted Genes Reference Assembly status Latimeriidae: Latimeria chalumnae (West Indian Ocean coelacanth) fLatCha1.pri 2.95 Gbp [151] 28,938 [151] 2024 draft [151] BUSCO: 97.4% single copy [151] Chromosome scale, alligned to 30 pseudochromosomes (30 somatic), no mitochondrial chromosome [151] Scaffold N50: 188.1 Mbp [151] Contig N50 ...