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Manifest functions are the consequences that people see, observe or even expect. It is explicitly stated and understood by the participants in the relevant action. The manifest function of a rain dance, according to Merton in his 1957 Social Theory and Social Structure, is to produce rain, and this outcome is intended and desired by people participating in the ritual.
1. comparative history as macro-causal analysis - the emphasis is on identifying both relevant differences and similarities across cases in an attempt to test hypotheses or build theory; 2. comparative history as parallel demonstration of theory – the emphasis is on identifying similarities across relevant cases; 3. comparative history as ...
As time has passed, history and sociology have developed into two different specific academic disciplines. Historical data was used and is used today in mainly these three ways: examining a theory through a parallel investigation, applying and contrasting events or policies (such as Verstehen), and considering the causalities from a macro point of view.
Historical institutionalism (HI) is a new institutionalist social science approach [1] that emphasizes how timing, sequences and path dependence affect institutions, and shape social, political, economic behavior and change.
The term is widely used in philosophy, anthropology, and sociology. This historical approach to explanation differs from and complements the approach known as functionalism, which seeks to explain a phenomenon, such as for example a social form, by providing reasoned arguments about how that social form fulfills some function in the structure ...
Historical macrosociology can be understood as an approach that uses historical knowledge to try to solve some of the problems seen in the field of macrosociology. [4] As globalization has affected the world, it has also influenced historical macrosociology, leading to the development of two distinct branches:
[4] [5] Later sociologists have different perspectives on the concept, but they share some overlapping themes. Sociological imagination is an outlook on life that involves an individual developing a deep understanding of how their biography is a result of historical process and occurs within a larger social context. [6]
Southern theory is an approach to the sociology of knowledge that looks at the global production of sociological knowledge and the dominance of the global north. [29] It was first developed by Australian sociologist Raewyn Connell in her book Southern Theory, with colleagues [citation needed] at the University of Sydney and elsewhere.