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The production of speech is a highly complex motor task that involves approximately 100 orofacial, laryngeal, pharyngeal, and respiratory muscles. [2] [3] Precise and expeditious timing of these muscles is essential for the production of temporally complex speech sounds, which are characterized by transitions as short as 10 ms between frequency bands [4] and an average speaking rate of ...
Bioacoustics is a cross-disciplinary science that combines biology and acoustics. Usually it refers to the investigation of sound production, dispersion and reception in animals (including humans). [1] This involves neurophysiological and anatomical basis of sound production and detection, and relation of acoustic signals to the medium they ...
Speech sounds can be described in a number of ways. Most commonly speech sounds are referred to by the mouth movements needed to produce them. Consonants and vowels are two gross categories that phoneticians define by the movements in a speech sound. More fine-grained descriptors are parameters such as place of articulation.
This anomalous feature of voiceless speech sounds is better understood if it is realized that it is the change in the spectral qualities of the voice as abduction proceeds that is the primary acoustic attribute that the listener attends to when identifying a voiceless speech sound, and not simply the presence or absence of voice (periodic energy).
The larynx is a major (but not the only) source of sound in speech, generating sound through the rhythmic opening and closing of the vocal folds. To oscillate, the vocal folds are brought near enough together such that air pressure builds up beneath the larynx.
Articulatory phonetics, the study of how humans produce speech sounds via the interaction of physiological structures Manner of articulation, how speech organs involved in making a sound make contact; Place of articulation, positions of speech organs to create distinctive speech sounds; Articulatory gestures, the actions necessary to enunciate ...
Eating the Wind: a satirical, but illustrative example of sound symbolism and iconicity of airstream mechanisms.: Robert Eklund (2008). Pulmonic ingressive phonation: Diachronic and synchronic characteristics, distribution and function in animal and human sound production and in human speech.
This sound is produced by keeping the vocal folds spread somewhat, resulting in non-turbulent airflow through the glottis. [4] In many accents of English the glottal stop (made by pressing the folds together) is used as a variant allophone of the phoneme /t/ (and in some dialects, occasionally of /k/ and /p/ ); in some languages, this sound is ...