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Intestinal villi (sg.: villus) are small, finger-like projections that extend into the lumen of the small intestine. Each villus is approximately 0.5–1.6 mm in length (in humans), and has many microvilli projecting from the enterocytes of its epithelium which collectively form the striated or brush border .
Illustration of the brush border membrane of small intestinal villi. A brush border (striated border or brush border membrane) is the microvillus-covered surface of simple cuboidal and simple columnar epithelium found in different parts of the body. Microvilli are approximately 100 nanometers in diameter and their length varies from ...
Micrograph of the small intestine mucosa showing the intestinal villi and crypts of Lieberkühn. The three sections of the small intestine look similar to each other at a microscopic level, but there are some important differences. The parts of the intestine are as follows: This cross section diagram shows the 4 layers of the small intestine wall.
The glands and intestinal villi are covered by epithelium, which contains multiple types of cells: enterocytes (absorbing water and electrolytes), goblet cells (secreting mucus), enteroendocrine cells (secreting hormones), cup cells, myofibroblast, tuft cells, and at the base of the gland, Paneth cells (secreting anti-microbial peptides) and ...
The villi of the jejunum look like long, finger-like projections, and are a histologically identifiable structure. While the length of the entire intestinal tract contains lymphoid tissue , only the ileum has abundant Peyer's patches , which are unencapsulated lymphoid nodules that contain large numbers of lymphocytes and immune cells, like ...
Goblet cells secrete mucus, which lubricates the passage of food along and protects the intestinal wall from digestive enzymes. In the small intestine, villi are folds of the mucosa that increase the surface area of the intestine. The villi contain a lacteal, a vessel connected to the lymph system that aids in the removal of lipids and tissue ...
Unlike the gastric folds in the stomach, they are permanent, and are not obliterated when the intestine is distended.. The spaces between circular folds are smaller than the haustra of the colon, and, in contrast to haustra, circular folds reach around the whole circumference of the intestine.
The gut-associated lymphoid tissue lies throughout the intestine, covering an area of approximately 260–300 m 2. [5] In order to increase the surface area for absorption, the intestinal mucosa is made up of finger-like projections ( villi ), covered by a monolayer of epithelial cells , which separates the GALT from the lumen intestine and its ...