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Mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents 70–90% of all reported head injuries. [34] The presence of brain edema on the initial CT scan of those with traumatic brain injuries is an independent prognostic indicator of in-hospital death. [34]
Whether a second impact is really involved in the diffuse cerebral swelling that occurs on rare occasions after a mild traumatic brain injury is controversial, but some experts [who?] agree that such catastrophic brain swelling does occur after a very small number of mild brain injuries and that young age is associated with increased risk. [28]
The terms traumatic brain injury and head injury are often used interchangeably in the medical literature. [1] Because head injuries cover such a broad scope of injuries, there are many causes—including accidents, falls, physical assault, or traffic accidents—that can cause head injuries.
It can occur suddenly after a stroke or head injury, or develop slowly from a growing brain tumor or disease. ... "One of the feared complications of stroke is cerebral edema, or brain swelling ...
The relative risk of post-traumatic seizures (PTS) increases with the severity of traumatic brain injury (TBI). [128] A CT of the head years after a traumatic brain injury showing an empty space where the damage occurred marked by the arrow. Improvement of neurological function usually occurs for two or more years after the trauma.
An increase in pressure, most commonly due to head injury leading to intracranial hematoma or cerebral edema, can crush brain tissue, shift brain structures, contribute to hydrocephalus, cause brain herniation, and restrict blood supply to the brain. [13] It is a cause of reflex bradycardia. [14]
Closed-head injuries are caused primarily by vehicular accidents, falls, acts of violence, and sports injuries. [4] Falls account for 35.2% of brain injuries in the United States, with rates highest for children ages 0–4 years and adults ages 75 years and older. [3] Head injuries are more common in men than women across every age group. [3]
In traumatic brain injury (TBI), primary brain injury occurs during the initial insult, and results from displacement of the physical structures of the brain. [1] Secondary brain injury occurs gradually and may involve an array of cellular processes. [1] [2] Secondary injury, which is not caused by mechanical damage, can result from the primary ...
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