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The Second Great Awakening was a Protestant religious revival during the late 18th to early 19th century in the United States. It spread religion through revivals and emotional preaching and sparked a number of reform movements. Revivals were a key part of the movement and attracted hundreds of converts to new Protestant denominations.
Map showing the counties of New York considered part of the "Burned-over District" [1] [2] The term "burned-over district" refers to the western and parts of the central regions of New York State in the early 19th century, where religious revivals and the formation of new religious movements of the Second Great Awakening took place, to such a great extent that spiritual fervor seemed to set ...
[1] [2] [3] The First Great Awakening in the American colonies is closely related to the Evangelical Revival in the British Isles. [ 4 ] Pulling away from ritual and ceremony, the Great Awakening made religion more personal by fostering a sense of spiritual conviction of personal sin and need for redemption, and by encouraging introspection and ...
[1] [2] The Enlightenment featured a range of social ideas centered on the value of knowledge learned by way of rationalism and of empiricism and political ideals such as natural law, liberty, and progress, toleration and fraternity, constitutional government, and the formal separation of church and state. [3] [4] [5]
The religious upheaval in Germany and the sack of Rome convinced many Catholics that their Church was in need of a profound reform. Pope Paul III ( r. 1534–1549 ) appointed prominent representatives of the Catholic reform movement as cardinals, among them Contarini, Reginald Pole (d. 1558), and Giovanni Pietro Caraffa (d. 1559).
Rebellion eventually defeated by Xerxes I, Babylon's fortifications were destroyed and its temples were ransacked. [16] 464 BC Third Messenian War: Sparta: Messenian Helots: Slave revolt put down by Archidamus II, who called Sparta to arms in the wake of an earthquake. [17] 460–454 BC Inaros' revolt Egypt, Achaemenid Empire: Inaros II and his ...
Sixteenth-century portrait of John Calvin by an unknown artist. From the collection of the Bibliothèque de Genève (Library of Geneva). John Calvin is the most well-known Reformed theologian of the generation following Zwingli's death, but recent scholarship has argued that several previously overlooked individuals had at least as much influence on the development of Reformed Christianity and ...
Lollardy [a] was a proto-Protestant Christian religious movement that was active in England from the mid-14th century until the 16th-century English Reformation. It was initially led by John Wycliffe , [ 1 ] a Catholic theologian who was dismissed from the University of Oxford in 1381 for heresy .