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  2. Amino acid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amino_acid

    The 21 proteinogenic α-amino acids found in eukaryotes, grouped according to their side chains' pK a values and charges carried at physiological pH (7.4) 2-, alpha-, or α-amino acids [21] have the generic formula H 2 NCHRCOOH in most cases, [b] where R is an organic substituent known as a "side chain". [22]

  3. Essential amino acid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essential_amino_acid

    Amino acids that must be obtained from the diet are called essential amino acids. Eukaryotes can synthesize some of the amino acids from other substrates . Consequently, only a subset of the amino acids used in protein synthesis are essential nutrients .

  4. D-Amino acid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-Amino_acid

    As of 2011, only 837 D-amino acids were found in the Swiss-Prot database out of a total of 187 million amino acids analysed. [11] Fluorescently labeled D-amino acids, namely FDAAs, have been used for in situ labeling of bacterial peptidoglycan in both gram-positive and gram-negative species. [12] [13]

  5. Collagen - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collagen

    Collagen has an unusual amino acid composition and sequence: Glycine is found at almost every third residue. Proline makes up about 17% of collagen. Collagen contains two unusual derivative amino acids not directly inserted during translation. These amino acids are found at specific locations relative to glycine and are modified post ...

  6. Active site - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_site

    Amino acids that can form nucleophile including serine, cysteine, aspartate and glutamine. [citation needed] Electrophilic catalysis: The mechanism behind this process is exactly same as nucleophilic catalysis except that now amino acids in active site act as electrophile while substrates are nucleophiles. This reaction usually requires ...

  7. Non-proteinogenic amino acids - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-proteinogenic_amino_acids

    Lysine. Technically, any organic compound with an amine (–NH 2) and a carboxylic acid (–COOH) functional group is an amino acid. The proteinogenic amino acids are a small subset of this group that possess a central carbon atom (α- or 2-) bearing an amino group, a carboxyl group, a side chain and an α-hydrogen levo conformation, with the exception of glycine, which is achiral, and proline ...

  8. Leucine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leucine

    Leucine ball and stick model spinning. Leucine (symbol Leu or L) [3] is an essential amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.Leucine is an α-amino acid, meaning it contains an α-amino group (which is in the protonated −NH 3 + form under biological conditions), an α-carboxylic acid group (which is in the deprotonated −COO − form under biological conditions), and a side ...

  9. Protein primary structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_primary_structure

    Protein sequence is typically notated as a string of letters, listing the amino acids starting at the amino-terminal end through to the carboxyl-terminal end. Either a three letter code or single letter code can be used to represent the 22 naturally encoded amino acids, as well as mixtures or ambiguous amino acids (similar to nucleic acid ...

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