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Breakthrough seizures are more likely with a number of triggers. [54]: 57 Often when a breakthrough seizure occurs in a person whose seizures have always been well controlled, there is a new underlying cause to the seizure. [55] Breakthrough seizures vary. Studies have shown the rates of breakthrough seizures ranging from 11 to 37%. [56]
Seizures in TEA patients commonly occur upon waking suggesting a link between TEA and sleep. It is possible that abnormal electrical activity during sleep disrupts the process of memory consolidation which normally occurs when we sleep. On-going subclinical seizure activity has implications for theories of memory consolidation, discussed below.
Complex partial status epilepticus (CPSE) is one of the non-convulsive forms of status epilepticus, a rare form of epilepsy defined by its recurrent nature. CPSE is characterized by seizures involving long-lasting stupor, staring and unresponsiveness. [1] Sometimes this is accompanied by motor automatisms, such as eye twitching. [2]
Diagnostic criteria vary, though most practitioners diagnose as status epilepticus for: one continuous, unremitting seizure lasting longer than five minutes, [14] or recurrent seizures without regaining consciousness between seizures for greater than five minutes. [1] Previous definitions used a 30-minute time limit. [2]
Epilepsia partialis continua is a rare [1] type of brain disorder in which a patient experiences recurrent motor epileptic seizures that are focal (hands and face), and recur every few seconds or minutes for extended periods (days to years).
Epilepsy is a group of non-communicable neurological disorders characterized by recurrent epileptic seizures. [10] An epileptic seizure is the clinical manifestation of an abnormal, excessive, and synchronized electrical discharge in the neurons. [1] The occurrence of two or more unprovoked seizures defines epilepsy. [11]
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In a 2011 study of 77 FIRES patients, 58 had focal seizures. Of the 58, 50 had secondarily generalizing seizures (seizures that evolve from focal to generalized). [6] [11] On a 10-20 scalp electrode EEG, the ictal activity commonly begins temporally and spreads hemispherically and/or bilaterally. [12]