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In Euclidean plane geometry, a rectangle is a rectilinear convex polygon or a quadrilateral with four right angles. It can also be defined as: an equiangular quadrilateral, since equiangular means that all of its angles are equal (360°/4 = 90°); or a parallelogram containing a right angle. A rectangle with four sides of equal length is a square.
A Watt quadrilateral is a quadrilateral with a pair of opposite sides of equal length. [6] A quadric quadrilateral is a convex quadrilateral whose four vertices all lie on the perimeter of a square. [7] A diametric quadrilateral is a cyclic quadrilateral having one of its sides as a diameter of the circumcircle. [8]
It divides the quadrilateral into two congruent triangles that are mirror images of each other. [7] One diagonal bisects both of the angles at its two ends. [7] Kite quadrilaterals are named for the wind-blown, flying kites, which often have this shape [10] [11] and which are in turn named for a hovering bird and the sound it makes.
The dual polygon of a rhombus is a rectangle: [12] A rhombus has all sides equal, while a rectangle has all angles equal. A rhombus has opposite angles equal, while a rectangle has opposite sides equal. A rhombus has an inscribed circle, while a rectangle has a circumcircle.
The base pairs form a parallelogram with half the area of the quadrilateral, A q, as the sum of the areas of the four large triangles, A l is 2 A q (each of the two pairs reconstructs the quadrilateral) while that of the small triangles, A s is a quarter of A l (half linear dimensions yields quarter area), and the area of the parallelogram is A ...
The Varignon parallelogram is a rectangle if and only if the diagonals of the quadrilateral are perpendicular, that is, if the quadrilateral is an orthodiagonal quadrilateral. [6]: p. 14 [7]: p. 169 For a self-crossing quadrilateral, the Varignon parallelogram can degenerate to four collinear points, forming a line segment traversed twice.
An alternative view (covering both simple and self-intersecting shapes) is to define a rectangle as an equiangular quadrilateral. Rectangles may be used in periodic tilings of the plane. Another popular subject in recreational mathematics is the tiling of rectangles by polygons , ranging from simple puzzles to unsolved problems.
A rectangle dissected into a 2×3 array of squares [6] Direct equiangular quadrilaterals have 90° internal angles. The only equiangular quadrilaterals are rectangles, 4 , and squares, {4}. An equiangular quadrilateral with integer side lengths may be tiled by unit squares. [6]