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Gregory VII's ban on lay investiture was a key element of the reform, ultimately contributing to the centralized papacy of the later Middle Ages. [7] The reform of the church, both within it, and in relation to the Holy Roman Emperor and the other lay rulers of Europe, was Gregory VII's life work. It was based on his conviction that the church ...
Inter gravissimas (English: "Among the most serious...") was a papal bull issued by Pope Gregory XIII on 24 February 1582. [1] [2] The document, written in Latin, reformed the Julian calendar. The reform came to be regarded as a new calendar in its own right and came to be called the Gregorian calendar, which is used in most countries today.
Pope Gregory I (Latin: Gregorius I; c. 540 – 12 March 604), commonly known as Saint Gregory the Great, was the 64th Bishop of Rome from 3 September 590 to his death. [1] [a] He is known for instituting the first recorded large-scale mission from Rome, the Gregorian mission, to convert the then largely pagan Anglo-Saxons to Christianity. [2]
Though Gregory was hailed as one of the greatest of the Roman pontiffs after his reforms proved successful, during his own reign he was denounced by some for his autocratic use of papal powers. [ 6 ] In later times, Gregory VII became an exemplar of papal supremacy , and his memory was invoked both positively and negatively, reflecting later ...
The principles expressed in Dictatus Papae are mostly those expressed by the Gregorian Reform, which had been initiated by Gregory decades before he became pope. It does not mention key aspects of the reform movement such as the abolishing of the triple abuse of clerical marriage, lay investiture and simony. [ 2 ]
Contemporary sources present Aeterni Patris Filius as being the culmination of reforms started by Julius with his constitution Cum tam divino in 1505 and continued by other popes, but more recent scholarship has questioned whether there is full continuity between the various conclave reform efforts. [2] Gregory sought wide input from the ...
Gregory XVI and Cardinal Lambruschini opposed basic technological innovations such as gas lighting and railways, [13] believing that they would promote commerce and increase the power of the bourgeoisie, leading to demands for liberal reforms which would undermine the monarchical power of the Pope over central Italy.
Pope Gregory I ("the Great"; 590–604), after whom the Gregorian chant is named; Pope Gregory II (715–731) Pope Gregory III (731–741) Pope Gregory IV (827–844) Pope Gregory V (996–999) Pope Gregory VI (1045–1046) Antipope Gregory VI; Pope Gregory VII (1073–1085), after whom the Gregorian Reform is named; Pope Gregory VIII (1187 ...