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If the key is random and is at least as long as the message, the XOR cipher is much more secure than when there is key repetition within a message. [4] When the keystream is generated by a pseudo-random number generator, the result is a stream cipher. With a key that is truly random, the result is a one-time pad, which is unbreakable in theory.
In cryptography, a keystream is a stream of random or pseudorandom characters that are combined with a plaintext message to produce an encrypted message (the ciphertext).. The "characters" in the keystream can be bits, bytes, numbers or actual characters like A-Z depending on the usage case.
Public-key encryption was first described in a secret document in 1973; [15] beforehand, all encryption schemes were symmetric-key (also called private-key). [16]: 478 Although published subsequently, the work of Diffie and Hellman was published in a journal with a large readership, and the value of the methodology was explicitly described. [17]
ChaCha20-Poly1305 is an authenticated encryption with associated data (AEAD) algorithm, that combines the ChaCha20 stream cipher with the Poly1305 message authentication code. [1] It has fast software performance, and without hardware acceleration, is usually faster than AES-GCM .
Symmetric-key encryption: the same key is used for both encryption and decryption. Symmetric-key algorithms [a] are algorithms for cryptography that use the same cryptographic keys for both the encryption of plaintext and the decryption of ciphertext. The keys may be identical, or there may be a simple transformation to go between the two keys. [1]
Based on the used method, the key can be different sizes and varieties, but in all cases, the strength of the encryption relies on the security of the key being maintained. A key's security strength is dependent on its algorithm, the size of the key, the generation of the key, and the process of key exchange.
which takes as input a key K, of bit length k (called the key size), and a bit string P, of length n (called the block size), and returns a string C of n bits. P is called the plaintext, and C is termed the ciphertext. For each K, the function E K (P) is required to be an invertible mapping on {0,1} n. The inverse for E is defined as a function
Argon2 is a key derivation function that was selected as the winner of the 2015 Password Hashing Competition. [1] [2] It was designed by Alex Biryukov, Daniel Dinu, and Dmitry Khovratovich from the University of Luxembourg. [3]