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Ecological restoration, or ecosystem restoration, is the process of assisting the recovery of an ecosystem that has been degraded, damaged, destroyed [1] or transformed. [2] It is distinct from conservation in that it attempts to retroactively repair already damaged ecosystems rather than take preventative measures.
The United Nations decade on Ecosystem Restoration began on World Environment Day, 5 June 2021. In a June 2021 report to help launch the decade, the UN called for nations to deliver on existing ecosystem restoration commitments, which in total add up to over 1 billion hectares, an area bigger than China. About half the world's GDP is directly ...
A reference ecosystem, also known as an ecological reference, is a "community of organisms able to act as a model or benchmark for restoration." [1] [2] [3] Reference ecosystems usually include remnant natural areas that have not been degraded by human activities such as agriculture, logging, development, fire suppression, or non-native species invasion.
River restoration to restore ecosystem services is one common application of ecological engineering Ecological engineering uses ecology and engineering to predict, design, construct or restore, and manage ecosystems that integrate " human society with its natural environment for the benefit of both".
Forest restoration – Actions to reinstate forest health; Forestry – Science and craft of managing woodlands; Land rehabilitation – Part of environmental remediation; Land restoration – Process of restoring land to a different state; Mangrove restoration – Ecosystem regeneration; Revegetation – Process of rebuilding disturbed soil
'Rewilding is the process of rebuilding, following major human disturbance, a natural ecosystem by restoring natural processes and the complete or near complete food web at all trophic levels as a self-sustaining and resilient ecosystem with biota that would have been present had the disturbance not occurred.
Forest in the process of restoration face many challenges, such as seed and nutrient availability, but are notable susceptible to browsing animals. Although browsing animals are necessary in maintaining the understory of forests, they can easily over-graze a freshly replanted swath of forest, where young samplings are easily accessible.
A fundamental concern of ecosystem management is the long-term sustainability of the production of goods and services by ecosystems, [9] as "intergenerational sustainability [is] a precondition for management, not an afterthought."