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In graph theory, the Möbius ladder M n, for even numbers n, is formed from an n-cycle by adding edges (called "rungs") connecting opposite pairs of vertices in the cycle. It is a cubic, circulant graph, so-named because (with the exception of M 6 (the utility graph K 3,3), M n has exactly n/2 four-cycles [1] which link together by their shared edges to form a topological Möbius strip.
Möbius ladders play an important role in the theory of graph minors.The earliest result of this type is a 1937 theorem of Klaus Wagner (part of a cluster of results known as Wagner's theorem) that graphs with no K 5 minor can be formed by using clique-sum operations to combine planar graphs and the Möbius ladder M 8. [4]
In the mathematical field of graph theory, the ladder graph L n is a planar, undirected graph with 2n vertices and 3n – 2 edges. [ 1 ] The ladder graph can be obtained as the Cartesian product of two path graphs , one of which has only one edge: L n ,1 = P n × P 2 .
The Wagner graph, an eight-vertex Möbius ladder arising in Wagner's characterization of K 5-free graphs.. Wagner is known for his contributions to graph theory and particularly the theory of graph minors, graphs that can be formed from a larger graph by contracting and removing edges.
The Möbius strip is one of the most famous objects in mathematics. Discovered in 1858 by two German mathematicians—August Ferdinand Möbius and Johann Benedict Listing—the Möbius strip is a ...
Many classes of 3-regular 3-vertex-connected graphs are known to have prisms with Hamiltonian decompositions. In particular this occurs when the 3-regular graph is planar and bipartite, when it is a Halin graph, when it is itself a prism or Möbius ladder, or when it is a generalized Petersen graph of order divisible by four. [8] [9]
This Möbius ladder is strongly 4-colorable. There are 35 4-sized partitions, but only these 7 partitions are topologically distinct. In graph theory, a strong coloring, with respect to a partition of the vertices into (disjoint) subsets of equal sizes, is a (proper) vertex coloring in which every color appears exactly once in every part.
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