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Macular scarring is formation of the fibrous tissue in place of the normal retinal tissue on the macular area of the retina which provides the sharpest vision in the eyes. It is usually a result of an inflammatory or infectious process. [ 1 ]
Common causes of failure in retinal detachment repair include missed or poorly sealed retinal breaks, new retinal breaks, and proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). [10] [14] PVR, a condition where scar tissue grows on the retina, occurs in approximately 8–10% of patients undergoing treatment for retinal detachment. [10]
Laser photocoagulation, or photocoagulation therapy, is the use of a laser to seal a retinal tear. [21] Pneumatic retinopexy; Retinal cryopexy, or retinal cryotherapy, is a procedure that uses intense cold to induce a chorioretinal scar and to destroy retinal or choroidal tissue. [24] Macular hole repair; Partial lamellar sclerouvectomy [25]
The laser is used to create a row of microscopic burns in the target tissue to cause scarring which will prevent the edges of the tear from detaching from the layer below. Laser photocoagulation can help prevent the deterioration of some retinal disorders and reduce the risk of future vision loss, but it cannot restore vision once it has been lost.
This can cause scarring of the retina or breakdown of its vascularization. [35] The list of genetic variations associated with AMD includes complement factors, apolipoprotein E, fibroblast growth factor 2, DNA excision repair protein, and age-related maculopathy susceptibility protein 2. [36]
A scleral buckle is one of several ophthalmologic procedures that can be used to repair a retinal detachment. Retinal detachments are usually caused by retinal tears, and a scleral buckle can be used to close the retinal break, both for acute and chronic retinal detachments. [citation needed] Scleral buckles come in many shapes and sizes.
In weeks to a month times the lesions begin to clear and disappear (with prednisone) leaving behind areas of retinal pigment epithelial atrophy and diffuse fine pigmentation (scarring). Rarely choroidal neovascularization occur as a late onset complication. [4]
Retinal damage in mammals instead typically results in gliosis and scar formation which interrupts normal retinal function. Previously, treating damaged eyes with epidermal growth factor induced Muller glia proliferation in the mouse eye, but neuron generation only occurred with concurrent overexpression of Ascl1 . [ 9 ]
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