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  2. History of the papacy (1048–1257) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_papacy_(1048...

    The history of the papacy from 1046 to 1216 was marked by conflict between popes and the Holy Roman Emperor, most prominently the Investiture Controversy, a dispute over who— pope or emperor— could appoint bishops within the Empire.

  3. History of the papacy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_papacy

    The history of the papacy from 1048 to 1257 would continue to be marked by conflict between popes and the Holy Roman Emperor, most prominently the Investiture Controversy, a dispute over who—pope or emperor—could appoint bishops within the Empire.

  4. Tusculan Papacy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tusculan_Papacy

    The Tusculan Papacy was a period of papal history from 1012 to 1048 where three successive relatives of the counts of Tusculum were installed as pope. Background [ edit ]

  5. Pope Benedict IX - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Benedict_IX

    Pope Benedict IX (Latin: Benedictus IX; c. 1012 – c. 1056), born Theophylactus of Tusculum in Rome, was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States for three periods between October 1032 and July 1048. [1] Aged about 20 when first elected, he is the youngest pope in history.

  6. Papal selection before 1059 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papal_selection_before_1059

    Further, the frequent de facto requirement of political approval of elected popes significantly lengthened periods of sede vacante, i.e., transitional vacancy of the papacy, and weakened it. In 1059, Pope Nicholas II succeeded in limiting future papal electors to the College of Cardinals in In Nomine Domini , instituting standardized papal ...

  7. Pope Damasus II - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Damasus_II

    Pope Damasus II (/ ˈ d æ m ə s ə s /; died 9 August 1048, born Poppo de' Curagnoni [1]) was the Bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 17 July 1048 to his death on 9 August that same year. He was the second of the German pontiffs nominated by Emperor Henry III.

  8. Pope Gregory VI - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Gregory_VI

    Gregory VI was succeeded in the papacy by the German bishop of Bamberg, Suidger, who took the name Pope Clement II. In May 1047 Gregory was taken by Henry to Germany; he died in 1048, probably at Cologne. To the end he was accompanied by Hildebrand, who (after about a year in Cluny) returned to Rome in January 1049 with the newly elected Pope ...

  9. Saeculum obscurum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saeculum_obscurum

    1742 print of the corpse of John XII, one of the most infamous popes, being carried by a crowd. Saeculum obscurum (Ecclesiastical Latin: [ˈsɛː.ku.lu.m obsˈkuː.rum], "the dark age/century"), also known as the Pornocracy or the Rule of the Harlots, was a period in the history of the papacy during the first two thirds of the 10th century, following the chaos after the death of Pope Formosus ...